Inductive AND Deductive Reasoning PDF

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INDUCTIVE ANDDEDUCTIVE REASONINGMAT 100 MANILA ADVENTIST COLLEGE GEZELLE Q. ABELLANOSA- MAED-MATHOBJECTIVES:COMPARE AND CONTRAST INDUCTIVE ANDDEDUCTIVE REASONING.To learn how to apply deductive thinking toevaluate evidence and draw conclusions.ACTIVITY 2Who Made the Mess?Mrs. Smith was in the middle...

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INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING MAT 100 MANILA ADVENTIST COLLEGE GEZELLE Q. ABELLANOSA- MAED-MATH

OBJECTIVES: COMPARE AND CONTRAST INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING. To learn how to apply deductive thinking to evaluate evidence and draw conclusions.

ACTIVITY 1: WRITTEN IN A PICTURE ▶

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MAKE AN OBSERVATION BASED FROM PICTURES YOU SEE TO COME UP WITH A GENERAL CONCLUSION. WRITE YOUR OBSERVATIONS, THEN YOUR GENERAL CONCLUSION.

ACTIVITY 2

Who Made the Mess? Mrs. Smith was in the middle of baking cookies (one of her favorite rainy day activities) when she had to stop for an appointment. When she returned, the floor was covered with flour and some of the cookies were gone. Her two sons admitted eating a few cookies, but denied making the mess.

QUESTIONS: ▶

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

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1. After looking at the first fact set, how did you think the mess was created? How did that explanation change when you looked at subsequent fact sets?

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2 .What was your final conclusion about what occurred in the kitchen? Which facts are the most relevant for your conclusion? What are the least number of facts that can be used to support the conclusion?

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3. What other scenarios, if any, are supported by the given facts

INDUCTIVE REASONING Drawing a general conclusion from a repeated observation or limited sets of observations of specific examples. The conclusion drawn by using inductive reasoning is called CONJECTURE. The conjecture maybe true or false depending on the truthfulness of the argument.

SPECIFIC TO GENERAL 11 is an odd number. OBSERVATION 21 is an odd number. Therefore, all number ending with 1 are odd numbers. 2.) I have seen many white swans, but never a black swan; therefore, all swans are white.

DEDUCTIVE REASONING ▶

Drawing general to specific examples. It starts with a general statement (or hypothesis) and examines to reach a specific conclusion.

EXAMPLES:

GENERAL OBSERVATION TO Therefore, ducks SPECIFIC have feathers. 2.) Chris is sick. If Chris is sick, he won’t be able to go to work. Therefore, Chris won’t be able to go to work.

NOTE: LOGICAL REASONING MAY BE VALID BUT NOT NECESSARILY TRUE.

Determine whether each of the following arguments is Inductive/Deductive ▶

1. Dogs don’t eat banana. Sam is a dog. Therefore, Sam does not eat banana.

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2. All Steven Spielberg movies are worth watching. The movie Jurassic Park is a Steven Spielberg movie. Therefore, Jurassic Park is worth watching.

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3. It is usually hot during summer season in the Philippines. It is summer now in the Philippines. Thus, it is hot now in the Philippines.

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4. All readers of Harry Potter novels are over 13 years old. Sofia reads Harry Potter novels. Therefore, Sofia is over 13 years old.

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5. Dennis hasn’t bought any snack. His parents haven’t bought any snack. Therefore, there won’t be anything to eat for the picnic.

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6. Marcelino did not win the game 2 days ago. Marcelino did not win the game yesterday. Thus, Marcelino will win the game today.

7. 25 is divisible by 5. 30 is divisible by 5. Therefore, numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5. 8. All rainy days are cloudy. Yesterday was not cloudy. Therefore, yesterday was not rainy. 9. All prime numbers are odd. 2 is a prime number. Therefore, 2 is an odd number. 10. All congressmen are politicians. Some corrupt are politicians. Some corrupt people aren’t congressmen. 11. All iguana are lizards. Snake is a reptile. Therefore, snakes are lizards....