Inglês gramática verbos 11º ano tabela PDF

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resumo de gramática do 11 ano dos verbos. inclui tabela...

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Inglês

PASSIVE VOICE 1. FUNÇÕES DA VOZ PASSIVA A voz passiva é utilizada para demonstrar interesse pela pessoa ou objeto que sofre uma ação, em vez de a pessoa ou objeto que realiza a ação. Em outras palavras, a coisa ou pessoa mais importante passa a ser o sujeito da oração. Exemplos: o The passive voice is used frequently. (interessa-nos a

voz passiva, e não quem a utiliza.) o The house was built in 1654. (interessa-nos a casa, e não quem a construiu.) o The road is being repaired. (interessa-nos a estrada, e não as pessoas que a estão a consertar.) Ocasionalmente, utilizamos a voz passiva pois não sabemos ou não queremos indicar quem realizou determinada ação.

Exemplos: o I noticed that a window had been left open. o Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads. o All the cookies have been eaten. o My car has been stolen!

Passiva

Ativa

A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-

A few well-chosen words convey a

chosen words.

great deal of meaning.

Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases.

A mass of gases wrap around our planet.

Quando queremos indicar o que ou quem realiza determinada ação na voz passiva, utilizamos a preposição "by". Quando sabemos quem realizou a ação e estamos interessados nessa pessoa, é sempre melhor alterar a estrutura para a voz ativa.

Passiva

Ativa

"A Hard Day's Night" was written by

The Beatles wrote "A Hard

The Beatles.

Day's Night".

The movie ET was directed

Spielberg directed the movie

bySpielberg.

ET.

2.

FORMANDO A VOZ PASSIVA Em inglês, a voz passiva é composta por dois elementos: a forma apropriada do verbo "to be" + "past participle".

Afirmativa

Negativa

Interrogativa

Interrogativa Negativa

The house was

The house

Was the house

Wasn't the house

built in 1899.

wasn't built in

built in 1899?

built in 1899?

1899.

These houses

These houses

Were these

Weren't these

were built in

weren't built in

houses built in

houses built in

1899.

1899.

1899?

1899?

3. TEMPOS VERBAIS NA VOZ PASSIVA 2

"To clean" na voz passiva

Sujeito

+ "to be"

+ "past

+ resto da

(conjugado)

participle"

oração

is

cleaned

every day.

is being

cleaned

at the

Simple present

The house

Present continuous

The house

moment.

Simple past

The house

was

cleaned

yesterday.

was being

cleaned

last week.

Past continuous

The house

Present perfect

3

Sujeito

The house

+ "to be"

+ "past

+ resto da

(conjugado)

participle"

oração

has been

cleaned

since you left.

had been

cleaned

before they

Past perfect

The house

arrived.

Future

The house

will be

cleaned

next week.

will be being

cleaned

tomorrow.

would be

cleaned

if they had

Future continuous

The house

Present conditional

The house

visitors.

Past conditional

4

Sujeito

The house

+ "to be"

+ "past

+ resto da

(conjugado)

participle"

oração

would have

cleaned

if it had been

been

dirty.

Infinitivo

The house

must be

cleaned

before we arrive.

4. VOZ PASSIVA COM INFINITO O infinitivo na voz passiva é utilizado após os verbos modais e após a maioria dos verbos que são normalmente seguidos pelo infinitivo.

Exemplos

o o o o o

5

You have to be tested on your English grammar. John might be promoted next year. She wants to be invited to the party. I expect to be surprised on my birthday. You may be disappointed.

5. VOZ PASSIVA COM “GERUND” Na voz passiva, o "gerund" é utilizado após preposições e verbos que são normalmente seguidos pelo "gerund".

Exemplos

o o o o o o o

I remember being taught to drive. The children are excited about being taken to the zoo. The children are excited to be taken to the zoo. Most film stars hate being interviewed. Most film stars hate to be interviewed. Poodles like to be pampered. Poodles like being pampered.

REPORTED SPEECH Normally, the tense in reported speech is one tense back in time from the tense in direct speech: She said, "I am tired." —> She said that she was tired.

Phrase in direct speech

Equivalent in reported speech

Simple present

Simple past

"I always drink coffee", she said

She said that she always drank coffee.

Present continuous

Past continuous

"I am reading a book", he

He explained that he was reading a

6

Phrase in direct speech

Equivalent in reported speech

explained.

book

Simple past

Past perfect

"Bill arrived on Saturday", he said.

He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday.

Present perfect

Past perfect

"I have been to Spain", he told me.

He told me that he had been to Spain.

Past perfect

Past perfect

"I had just turned out the light," he

He explained that he had just

explained.

turned out the light.

Present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

They complained, "We have been

They complained that they had

waiting for hours".

been waiting for hours.

7

Phrase in direct speech

Equivalent in reported speech

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

"We were living in Paris", they told

They told me that they had been

me.

living in Paris.

Future

Present conditional

"I will be in Geneva on Monday", he

He said that he would be in Geneva

said.

on Monday.

Future continuous

Conditional continuous

She said, "I'll be using the car next

She said that she would be using

Friday".

the car next Friday.

These modal verbs do not change in reported speech: might, could, would, should, ought to:

o We explained, "It could be difficult to find our house." = We explained that it could be difficult to find our house. o She said, "I might bring a friend to the party." = She said that she might bring a friend to the party.

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