Integumentary System Lab Exercise PDF

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BS IN NURSING. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY...

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Lab Exercise No. 1 Name: _______________________________Year & Section: _____ Date: _____________

Basic Structure and Function 1. Figure 4-2 depicts a longitudinal section of the skin. Label the skin structures and areas indicated by the leader lines and brackets on the figure. Select different colors for the structures below and color the coding circles and the corresponding structures on the figure.

92 2. Complete the following statements in the blank provided. _______________

1. Radiation from the skin surface and evaporation of sweat are two ways in which the skin helps to get rid of body _(1)_

_______________

_______________

2. Fat in the _(2)_ tissue layer beneath the dermis helps to insulate the body. 3. The waterproofing protein found in the epidermal cells is called _(3)_ 4. A vitamin that is manufactured in the skin is _(4)_

_______________

5. A localized concentration of melanin is _(5)_.

_______________

6. Wrinkling of the skin is due to loss of the _(6)_ of the skin.

_______________

7. A decubitus ulcer results when the skin cells are deprived of _(7)_ 8. _(8)_ is a bluish cast of the skin resulting from inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

_______________

_______________

3. Using key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Enter the appropriate letter(s) or term(s) in the answer blanks. Key Choices _______________ 1. Translucent cells, containing A. Stratum corneum keratin _______________ 2. Dead cells B. Stratum basale _______________

3. Dermis layer responsible for fingerprints

C. Stratum granulosum

_______________

4. Vascular region

D. Stratum lucidum

_______________

5. Epidermal region involved in rapid cell division; most inferior epidermal layer 6. Scale-like cells full of keratin that constantly flake off

E. Papillary layer

_______________

7. Site of elastic and collagen fibers

_______________

8. Site of melanin formation

G. Epidermis as a whole H. Epidermis as a whole

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9. Major skin area from which the derivatives (hair, nails) arise

_______________

F. Reticular layer

93 Appendages 4. For each true statement, write T. For each false statement, correct the underlined word(s) and insert your correction in the answer blank. _______________

1. Greater amounts of the pigment carotene are produced when the skin is exposed to the sun.

_______________

2. The most abundant protein in dead epidermal structures such as hair and nails is melanin.

_______________

3. Sebum is an oily mixture of lipids, cholesterol, and cell fragments 4. The oldest epidermal cells in the epidermis are found in the stratum basale.

_______________ _______________

5. The externally observable part of the hair is called the root.

_______________

6. The epidermis provides mechanical strength to the skin.

5. Figure 4-3 is a diagram of a cross-sectional view of a hair in its follicle. Complete this figure by following the directions in steps 1-3. 1. Identify the two portions of the follicle wall by placing the correct name of the sheath at the end of the appropriate leader line. 2. Use different colors to color these regions. 3. Label, color code, and color the three following regions of the hair.

94 6. Using key choices, complete the following statements. Insert the appropriate letter(s) or term(s) in the answer blanks. _______________

A blackhead is an accumulation of oily material produced by _(1)_ 2. Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright during fright or cold are called _(2)_

A. Arrector pili

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3. The most numerous variety of perspiration gland is the _(3)_

C. Hair

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4. A sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues is the_(4)_ 5. A less numerous variety of perspiration gland is the _(5)_. Its secretion (often milky in appearance) contains proteins and other substances that favour bacterial growth.

D. Hair follicle(s)

_______________

6. _(6)_ is found everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips, and primarily consists of dead keratinized cells.

F. Sweat gland (apocrine)

_______________

7. _(7)_ are specialized nerve endings that respond to temperature and touch, for example. 8. _(8)_ become more active at puberty

G. Sweat gland (eccrine)

_______________

_______________

_______________

1.

B. Cutaneous receptors

E. Sebaceous glands

7. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings. 1. sebaceous gland

hair

arrector pili

epidermis

2. radiation

absorption

conduction

evaporation

3. stratum corneum

nails

hair

stratum basale

4. freckles

blackheads

moles

melanin

5. scent glands

eccrine glands apocrine glands

axilla

6. cyanosis

erythema

wrinkles

pallor

7. keratin

carotene

melanin

hemoglobin

95 8. Overwhelming infection is one of the most important causes of death in burn patients. What is the other major problem they face, and what are its possible consequences? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

9. This section reviews the severity of burns. Using the key choices, select the correct burn type for each of the following descriptions. Enter the correct answers in the answer blanks. Key Choices A. First-degree burn degree burn

B. Second-degree burn

C. Third-

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1. Full-thickness burn; epidermal and dermal layers destroyed; skin is blanched.

_______________

2. Blisters form

_______________

3. Epidermal damage, redness, and some pain (usually brief)

_______________

4. Epidermal and some dermal damage; pain; regeneration is possible

_______________

5. Regeneration impossible; requires grafting

_______________

6. Pain is absent because nerve endings in the area are destroyed 10. What is the importance of the “rule of nines” in treatment of burn patients? __________________________________________________________________________ 11. Fill in the type of skin cancer which matches each of the following descriptions. _______________

Epithelial cells, not in contact with the basement membrane, develop lesions; metastasizes

_______________

Cells of the lowest level of the epidermis invade the dermis and hypodermis; exposed areas develop ulcer; slow to metastasize.

_______________

Rare but often deadly cancer of pigment-producing cells.

12. What does ABCD mean in reference to examination of pigmented areas? __________________________________________________________________________

96 13. Match the choices (letters/ terms) in Column B with the appropriate descriptions in Column A.

_______________

Column A 1. Skin inflammations that increase in frequency with age

Column B A. Acne

_______________

2. Cause of graying hair

_______________

3. Small white bumps on the skin of newborn babies, resulting from accumulations of sebaceous gland material 4. Reflects the loss of insulating subcutaneous tissue with age

B. Cold intolerance C. Dermatitis

_______________ _______________ _______________

_______________

D. Delayed-action gene

5. A common consequence of accelerated sebaceous gland activity during adolescence 6. Oily substance produced by the fetus’s sebaceous glands

E. Lanugo

7. The hairy “cloak” of the fetus

G. Vernix caseosa

F. Milia

97

Referen Books:

Boore, J. et.al. (2016). Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing Practice 1st Edition. Sage Publications Inc. Roiger, D., & Bullock, N. (2019). Anatomy, Physiology, & Diseases Foundations for the Health Professions (Second ed., Vol. 1). New York, New York: McGrawHill. Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2017). Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th ed., Vol. 1). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Online Resources: Boore, J. (n.d.). Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing Practice. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from

98 https://edge.sagepub.com/essentialaandp/studentresources/videos Boore, J., Cooke, N., & Shepherd, A. (2016). Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing Practice. Retrieved August 07, 2020, from https://edge.sagepub.com/essentialaandp Odya, E., & Norris, M. (2017). Anatomy & physiology for dummies. Hoboken, NJ, New Jersey: Wiley. Retrieved August 07, 2020, from https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=oxqVDwAAQBAJ&printsec =frontcover&dq=Anatomy+And+Physiology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ah UKEwim2sL9tTsAhXLa94KHaFyCPs4ChDrATAFegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=Anatom y%20And%20Physiology&f=false Thompson, G. S., & Thompson, G. S. (2020). Workbook to accompany Understanding anatomy & physiology: A visual, auditory, interactive approach. Philadelphia, MA: F.A Davis. Retrieved August 07, 2020, from https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=FjHEDwAAQBAJ&printsec =frontcovhttps://books.google.com.ph/books?id=FjHEDwAAQBAJ &printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onep age&q&f=falseer&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage &q&f=false

99 Module Feedback Questionnaire Human Anatomy and Physiology II 2nd semester, School Year 2020 to 2021 The purpose of the student evaluation process is to improve the quality of learning and teaching. Evaluations are not intended to monitor the individual performance of members of academic staff, nor to be channels for student complaints, for which other procedures exist. Module evaluation may be either qualitative or quantitative in emphasis. All modules offered by a School must be evaluated on every occasion the module is taught. All forms of evaluation, including questionnaires, should be made available to and collected from students in such a way as to permit students sufficient time for a considered response, proportionate to the nature of the evaluation. Schools should aim to achieve an optimal rate of return. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Instruction: Tick the box to rate the module based on your experience. The results will be used to improve the student experience of the module. Thank you! Strongly

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102 What would you say were the best features of this module? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

What problems did you encounter in the course of your studies? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Other comments/suggestions: _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________...