Key terms about linguistic anthropology, ideas and definitions as well as class lecture notes PDF

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Key terms about linguistic anthropology, ideas and definitions as well as class lecture notes...

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LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Key Questions: What is language? Language is a system of sounds or gestures that, when put together following certain rules, results in meanings intelligible to all speakers. Although humans rely primarily on language to communicate with one another, it is not their only means of communication. language is imbedded in a gesture- call system that consists of paralanguage (extralinguistic noises that accompany language) and kinesis (body motions that convey messages). We also convey messages through the use of space and touch

How is language related to culture? Languages are spoken by people who are members of distinctive cultures.

How did language begin?

- May have began as a structures system of gestures. - People may have wanted to multitask- use hands while also talking in order to work.

KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS displacement: the ability to refer to objects and events removed in space and time language: A system of sounds or gestures put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules. symbols: sounds or gestures that stand for meaning among a group of people signal: a sound of gesture that has a natural or self-evident meaning linguistics: The modern scientific study of all aspects of language phonetics: The study of production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds phonemes : In linguistics, the smallest classes of sound that make a difference in meaning

morphemes : in linguistics, the smallest units of sound that carry meaning bound morpheme: A morpheme that can occur in a language only in combination with other morphemes, as -s in english does to signify the plural. free morphemes: Morphemes that can occur unattached in a language: for example, dog and cat are free morphemes in english. frame substitution: A method used to identify syntactic units of language. For example, a category called nouns may be established as anything that will fit the substitution from “i see a …” syntax: In linguistics, the rules or principles of phrase and sentence making. grammar: The entire formal structure of a language, consisting of all observations about the morphemes and syntax. form classes: The parts of speech, or categories of words that work the same way in a given sentence. kinesics: A system of notating and analyzing postures, facial expression, and body notions that convert messages. conventional gestures: Body movements that have to be learned and can vary crossculturally. touch: A form of body language involving physical contact. proxemics: The study of how people use physical space in interpersonal interaction and the role that cultural paradigms play in defining what is proximate and what is overproximate paralanguage: The extralinguistic noises that accompany language, such as crying or laughing. voice qualities: In paralanguage, the background characteristics of a speakers voice vocalizations: Identifiable paralinguistic noises turned on and off at perceivable and relatively short intervals vocal characterizers: in paralanguage, sound productions such as laughing or crying that humans “speak” through vocal qualifiers: In paralanguage, sound productions of brief duration that modify utterances in terms of intensity

language family: A group of languages ultimately descended to form a single ancestral language glottochronology: In linguistics, a method of dating divergence in branches of language families core vocabulary: In language, pronouns, lower numerals, and names for body parts , natural objects, and basic actions ethnolinguistics: The study of the relationship between language and culture. dialects: varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible. sociolinguistics: The study of the structure and use of language as it relates to social setting code switching: The process of changing from one level of language to another pidgin: A language that combines and simplifies elements (vocabulary, syntax, and grammar) of two or more languages....