Kin 100 Lecture 13 Quackery PDF

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Kin 100 Lecture 13: Quackery ❖ Fraud vs. Quackery ➢ Fraud- Intentional perversion of truth for gain ➢ Quackery- Promotion of health schemes that are false, unproven, and even dangerous; may not be intentional ❖ Why we are susceptible ➢ Concern about appearance, health, or performance ➢ Lack of knowledge ■ Even experts are limited in their scope of knowledge ➢ Desire for immediate results ➢ Overexposure to advertisements ❖ Clues to quackery ➢ Questionable “experts” ■ Education ■ Irrelevant credentials ■ Use pseudo-affiliations ■ Little or no research ➢ Too good to be true ■ Promise too quick results ■ Claims are inconsistent with scientific evidence ➢ Flashy advertising ■ Before and after pictures ■ Anecdotal evidence ■ Use frequent testimonials ■ Celebrity/fitness model ➢ Other clues ■ Ingredients in product are not identified ■ Conspiracy talk, ex. Discredit AMA, FDA ■ Exotic ingredients/origination ❖ Ask yourself before you buy or sign up ➢ Does it work? ➢ Does it work for you? ➢ Do you need it? ➢ Will you use it? ❖ Before you hire a personal trainer ➢ Check his/her qualifications ■ College degree not required, but preferable ■ Many certifications exist, not all are reputable ● ACSM, NSCA, ACE, NATA, NASM are highly reputable

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■ Being diesel does not equal being knowledgeable; large genetic component of appearance ■ Personal trainers are not qualified to give nutritional advice ➢ Similar situation for nutritionists ■ A Registered Dietician (RD/RDN) is who you should see Before joining a health club ➢ Qualified; professional staff ■ People doing training and classes should be certified ➢ Well-maintained equipment ■ Machines that work well ➢ Cleanliness ■ Culture ➢ Trial visit- crowded/convenient ■ Check at time you would go ➢ Contracts/memberships ■ Should be transparent options ■ Look at options for getting out of contract; should not be too difficult ➢ YMCA/YWCA/Parks & Rec ■ May be cheaper Supplements ➢ Definition: highly refined dietary ingredient that would not be confused with food ➢ Ingredients may be vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc. ➢ Dosage may be in many forms: ■ Pills, tablets, powders, liquids, etc. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 ➢ Shifted the burden of proof for the effectiveness and safety of supplements from the FDA to the food supplement industry ➢ In effect means burden of efficacy was shifted to consumers ➢ Must be proven ineffective/unsafe before will be removed from stores ■ Most resources go to products that are unsafe; ineffective but harmless supplements will usually stay in store unless demand decreases Evidence-based supplements ➢ Folic acid (women) ■ Important when pregnant ➢ Fish oil ■ 1500 mg ideal ➢ Vitamin D and calcium for bone health ■ Vitamin D can help with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

➢ Probiotics ■ Fermented foods; yogurt ■ Important during/after taking antibiotics ❖ Being an informed consumer ➢ Evaluate the source of the information ➢ Look for supporting credible research ➢ Use a credit card (for fraud protection) ➢ Don’t fall for high-pressure sales tactics ■ Ex. “You’ll never get another deal like this”...