KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards Quizlet PDF

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10/28/21, 11:00 AM

KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Mi term 1

Study

KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Terms in this set (130)

Evidence Based vs Evidence Informed

EB: considers only evidence and science give EI: considers evidence and science, but also experiences and past

Liability

Scope of Practice

Standard of Care

Tort

the state of being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person

your duties and responsibilities

The minimal standard and quality of care expected of an emergency care provider.

legal wrongs committed against a person

when an individual fails to perform a legal duty Nonfeasance

(i.e.fail to refer, not stepping in when viewing misconduct)

Malfeasance

Misfeasance

Gross Negligence

h

performing actions not his/her to legally perform (i.e. injecting athlete)

performs an action incorrectly that he/she has the legal right to do

total disregard for the safety of others

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Sovereign Immunity

Study

the principle that a sovereign government cannot be taken to court unless it agrees to be sued

A federal or state statute setting the maximum time Statute of Limitations

period during which a certain action can be brought or certain rights enforced.

Contributory Negligence

Actions taken indirectly lead to outcome (i.e. i ran a red light then hit a person - running red light = CN)

Provides limited protection to someone who Good Samaritan Law

voluntarily chooses to provide first aid and tried to help

- aware of pros/cons, risks, alternatives Informed Consent

- do they actually understand? - exclusionary cause - obtain before any treatment

Epidemiology

the study of the distributions and determinants of varying rates of diseases and injuries

Pre-Participation Exam PPE

Purpose - pick up predisposing injuries or things that may disqualify athlete

Carbohydrates - produce energy Macronutrients

Protein + Fats - growth, repair and tissue maintenance

h

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

ATP

Types of Carbohydrates

Study

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

simple (sugars) and complex (starches and fibers)

- derived from animal products saturated fatty acid

- solid at room temp. - increases risk of heart disease

- plant derivatives unsaturated fatty acid

- liquid at room temp. - decreases risk of heart disease

Fat soluble vitamins

water soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

B and C (help regulate metabolism)

Organic molecules that help protect the body from Antioxidants

harmful chemicals called free radicals - vitamins A C E

Iron

Magnesium

Calcium

Sodium/Potassium

h

Energy Metabolism + Oxygen Transport

Energy-Supplying Reactions

Bone formation, clotting, and muscle contractions

nerve conduction

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

Acute - short duration pain (i.e. paper cut) Types of Pain

Chronic - pain persisting for longer than 3 months (i.e. nerve damage)

Somatic - stems from skin and musculoskeletal system Categories of Pain

Visceral - pain that stems from internal organs Psychological - no physical damage caused; pain perceived

Homunculus

phantom limb pain

Nociceptors

a maplike representation of regions of the body in the brain

pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated

sensory receptors that enable the perception of pain in response to potentially harmful stimuli

Mechanical (rubbing) Nociceptor Types

Thermal (burns) Chemical (inflammation)

Referred Pain

Radiated Pain

h

pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates

pain that spreads from a central area

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

neuron to DL tract of spinal cord to second order neuron, up spinal cord pathway, ends in thalamus

Afferent Neuron

Efferent Neuron

A Beta Fiber

A Delta Fiber

Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery (nociceptor toward spinal cord)

Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands.

transmits impulses related to touch and temperature MYELINATED

carries pain messages (sharp, shooting pain) and temperature MYELINATED

carries pain messages (nagging pain - keep C Fibers

bombarding CNS) and temperature UNMYELINATED

the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows gate-control theory

them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.

central biasing

using brain power to cognitively override pain messages

a natural, painkilling brain chemical similar to Beta-endorphin

morphine - synthesized by pituitary gland

h

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

a compound that is released by cells in response to Histamine

injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.

Load

Stiffness

Stress

Strain

Compression

Tension

Shearing

external force acting on the body causing internal reaction within the tissues

ability of a tissue to resist a load

internal resistance to an external load

internal change in tissue (i.e. length) resulting in deformation

external loads applied in opposite directions

force that pulls and stretches

force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue

- two forces act at opposite ends of structure (4 Bending

points) - three forces cause bending (3 points) - already bowed structure encounter axial loading

Torsion

h

loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from opposite ends

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Overuse Mechanism of Injury

Collagen

elastin

Study

nature of physical activity dictates that over time injury will occur (microtrauma)

structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue (tensile forces)

A protein that is similar to collagen and is the chief constituent of elastic fibers.

Grade I - some fibers have been stretched or actually torn resulting in tenderness and pain on active ROM, movement painful but full range present Grade II - number of fibers have been torn and Muscle Strain Grades

active contraction is painful, usually a depression or divot is palpable, some swelling and discoloration result Grade III- Complete rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction, significant impairment, with initially a great deal of pain that diminishes due to nerve damage

Muscle Spasms

sudden involuntary muscle contractions

Clonic - contractions occur in quick successions Muscle Spasm Types

Tonic - rigid contraction that lasts a long period of time

Muscle Guarding

h

Involuntary muscle contraction in response to pain following injury

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

Acute Onset - temporary/transient muscle pain and fatigue immediately after exercise Muscle Soreness Types Delayed Onset - pain that occurs 24-48 hours after activity that gradually subsides

Tendinitis

Tendinosis

tenosynovitis

Myofascial Trigger Points

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint (acute)

poor healing of tendinitis - degenerates and more visibly swollen (chronic)

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Tender spots in the muscle or muscle fascia that refer pain to a location distant to the point

Active Trigger - causes pain at rest and elicits "jump sign"/wincing Myofascial Trigger Points Types Latent Trigger - does not cause spontaneous pain, may restrict movement or cause muscle weakness

Contusions (bruise) Process

Bursa

Bursitis

h

sudden blow to body causes swelling of clotted blood

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction - fluid accumulates in limited space available

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

compression

Diaphysis - shaft Bone Structures

Epiphysis - end part of bone (cancellous bone) Periosteum - dense, fibrous covering over bone

Closed vs Open Fracture

Closed = skin intact Open = bone protudes through skin

interruption in conduction of an impulse down the Neuropraxia

nerve fiber - caused by trauma, compression, or tension

Histamines

Leukotrienes

Prostaglandins

Cytokines

cause vasodilation and increased cell permeability

margination, increase cell permeability

margination, increase cell permeability, helps passage of fluid and proteins

regulate leukocyte traffic and help attract phagocytes to site of inflammation

Swelling Heat Cardinal signs of inflammation

Altered Function Redness Pain

h

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

Inflammatory Response

- vascular reaction

Sequence

- platelets and leukocytes adhere to vascular wall - phagocytosis - clot formation

Fibroplasia

producing collagen; synthesis of new tissue (scar formation)

begins immediately following injury, very critical to Inflammatory Response Phase

the healing process, phagocytic cells begin to clean the damage of the injury

Fibroblastic Repair Phase

Maturation-Remodeling Phase

Cartilage Healing

blast and clast cells work to remove debris and lay down new healthy tissue

proper collagen fiber alignment, increased tissue strength

limited healing capacity; chondrocytes next to injured area synthesize

random laying down of collagen Ligament Healing

scar matures and aligns in reaction to stress full healing may take up to 12 months

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

- Myoblastic cells form = regeneration of new myofibrils Skeletal Muscle Healing

- Collagen will mature and orient along lines of tension - Healing could last 6-8 weeks depending on muscle injured

- Requires dense fibrous union of separated ends - Abundance of collagen is required for good tensile strength Tendon Healing

- Too much = fibrosis - may interfere with gliding - Initially injured tendon will adhere to surrounding tissues (week 2) - Week 3 - tendon will gradually separate - Tissue not strong enough until weeks 4-5

- Complex process of phagocytic migration to clear Nerve Healing

away debris and sprout axons will regrow - Nerve cannot regenerate once nerve cell dies

Bone Healing

Mismatched Growth

Growing Pains

Epiphyseal Fracture

h

hematoma formation, cellular proliferation, callus formation, ossification, remodeling

muscle-tendon tightness due to longitudinal bone growth out pacing soft tissue growth

aches and pains caused by rapid lengthing of bones during puberty - extra tension bc muscle is still tight

epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate (growth plate fracture)

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1

various osteochondrosis

spondylosis

Study

stress to bone that causes developmental derangement of normal bone growth

crack or stress fracture in one of the vertebrae

stress fracture weakens bone so much it is unable to Sponylolisthesis

maintain proper position in spine - vertebrae shifts and slips out of place

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

"runner's knee", which refers to anterior knee pain

1- slipped - straight across 2- above 3- below 4- Through Salter-Harris Classification

Osgood Schlatter's

Osteochondrosis

h

5-Crushed

inflammation of area just below knee where tendon from kneecap attaches to shin bone

degenerative changes to epiphyses of bone during rapid child growth

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Study

Kohler's Lesion = Navicular Articular (Joints)

Frielberg's Lesion - Second Metatarsal

Osteochondrosis

Osterochondritis Dissecans = Medial Femoral Condyle, Caputellum, Talar Dome

- Osgood-Schlatter Lesion = Tibial Tubercle Non-Articular Osteochondrosis

- Singing-Larsen-Johansson = Inferior Pole of Patella - Sever's Lesion = Calcaneus

Physeal Osteochondrosis

- Sheuermann's Lesion = Thoracic Spine - Blount's Lesion = Proximal Tibia

The angle between the line of quadriceps force and Q Angle

the patellar tendon. (men - 13 degrees, women - 18 degrees)

female athlete triad

disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis

absence of menstruation Amenorrhea

- Primary: no period by age 16 - Secondary: periods stop

dysmenorrhea

Spermatogenesis

Hydrocele

h

painful menstruation (common in active women)

production of sperm (13 y/o) - occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes

scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1

Hematocele

Spermatocele

Testicular Torsion

Testicular Mass

Hernia (Groin Pain)

Study

a collection of blood within the scrotum (tunica vaginalis)

cystic swelling of the epididymis that contains sperm

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis

new tissue growth that appears on one or both testes and may be malignant or benign

protrusion of abdominal viscera through portion of abdominal wall

Inguinal - most common (Weakness in peritoneum around deep inguinal ring - protrusion into inguinal canal and sometimes scrotum)

Types of Hernia

Femoral - primarily women (protrusion through femoral ring into femoral canal) Direct - men 40+ (Weakness in fascia bounded by rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament, and epigastric vessels)

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

damage to the heart from the complete or partial Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart

h

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KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Flashcards | Quizlet

KINE 2495 Midterm 1 Osteoarthritis

diabetes mellitus

Study

inflammation of the bone and joint

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

a change in perception, thinking, learning, and/or cognitive dysfunction

reasoning ability caused by changes in the brain; may cause behavior changes

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