Kinesiology - Ankle and foot PDF

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Ankle and foot - Provide shock absorption and thrust - Pliability - Absorb force of body weight - Rigidity - Provide thrust - Functions through interaction of interrelated joints, connective tissues, and muscles Osteology - Ankle - Talocrural joint - Proximal and distal tibiofibular joints - Foot - All structures distal to tibia and fibula - Talus bone part of ankle and foot Foot anatomical regions - Rearfoot - Talus - Calcaneus - Subtalar joint -

Midfoot - Rest of tarsal bones - Transverse tarsal joint - Distal intertarsal joints

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Forefoot - Metatarsals - Phalanges - Tarsometatarsal joints

Bones of lower leg - Fibula - Transfers little weight to leg - Distal end is lateral malleolus of ankle -

Tibia -

Tarsal bones

Transfers most weight to leg Distal end is medial malleolus of ankle Torsion angle is 20 to 30 degrees of intra-tibial external rotation

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Talus - Articulates w/ tibia and fibula at talocrural joint - Articulates w/ navicular bone at talonavicular joint - Articular cartilage covers top of it

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Calcaneus - Articulates w/ talus superiorilly at subtalar joint and w/ cuboid at calcaneocuboid joint - Largest tarsal bone - Absorbs shock at heel strike - Attaches to achilles, intrinsic foot muscles and plantar fascia

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Navicular - Articulates w/ medial longitudinal arch and cuneiform bones - Attaches to tibialis posterior

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Cuneiforms - Contributes to transverse arch, medial arch and lateral arch - Articulates w/ cuboids, navicular and MTs

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Cuboid - Articulates w/ calcaneus, lateral cuneiform, navicular and Mts - Attaches to peroneus longus

Metatarsals and phalanges - 5 mts, 14 phalanges - Condylar joints - Plantar surface of mts are longitudinally concave - 1st mt - shortest + thickest - 2nd mt - longest - Load travels through 1st and 2nd in gait Arthrology - Major ankle joints : talocrural, subtalar, transverse tarsal joints - Talus involved in all 3 joints - Covered by 70% articular cartilage Ankle and foot motions - Triplanar motions that move through oblique axis - Losing one plane of motion = biplanar - Pronation - Eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion - Force absorption - Foot moves outward

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Supination - Inversion, adduction, plantar flexion - Frontal plane - Rigidity - Force propagation

Tibiofibular joints - Proximal TFJ - Synovial joint w/ joint capsule - Allows stresses on tibia to transfer to fibula - Distal TFJ - Synarthrosis w/ little motion - Interosseous lig - Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligs Talocrural joint - Mortise joint - b/w tibia fibula and talus - Reinforced by mcl and lcl - Motion - Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion - Anterior talofibular lig - One part of lcl - Injured in inversion sprain Subtalar joint - Triplanar pronation/supination - Pronation - eversion/abduction - Supination - inversion/adduction - Ligs prevent extreme inversion and eversion - Full supination - increases rigidity of midfoot and is the closed pack position - Full pronation - Increases flexibility of midfoot Medial longitudinal arch of foot - Primary load bearing and shock absorbing part of foot - Height of arch maintained by plantar fascia, intrinsic foot muscles, spring lig and stability of midfoot joints -

Pes planus

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Dropped MLA Flexible and rigid pes planus

Pes cavus - Raised MLA - Bad shock absorption - Associated with stress factors

Windlass effect - Mech where intrinsic and extrinsic plantar flexors place tension on medial longitudinal arch - Create rigid mid and forefoot to accept biomechanical stress of push off during gait...