LAB 1 AP3 - lab 1 ap3 PDF

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Week 1 Blood

Learning Objectives:       

Identify the cellular components of blood and state their functions. Explain the role of the white blood cells in protecting the body from disease. Analyze complete blood counts. Learn how to use an automatic hematology analyzer and how to prepare a peripheral smear. Name the 4 major blood types in the ABO system. Explain the principles of blood typing using Eldon cards. Describe Rh incompatibility and hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Introduction: The body is a complex multicellular organism that comprises trillions of cells working together as tissues, organs, and systems. These cells require a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients in order to function. They also need an efficient and fast means of delivery of these substances as well as a means of removing waste byproducts. Blood is composed of 2 components: blood plasma and the formed elements. In the first lab simulation, you will generate complete blood counts and prepare blood smears of control and patient samples to diagnose various blood disorders in three patients. Dive into the inner workings of the different blood components with immersive 3D animations, where you will get acquainted with the morphology and function of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In the second lab you will learn the basics of antibodies. Even though antibodies are proteins that protect us from harmful intruders, they can sometimes cause problems. You will learn about antibody-antigen interaction and the mechanism that lies behind Rh incompatibility. You will discover what antigens and antibodies have to do with blood type, and why mixing certain different blood types together can cause problems. In this simulation, you will examine blood samples from a mother and her unborn child, to determine whether or not they are compatible. Assignment: Part 1: Complete Labster “Hematology: Introduction to Blood” As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section of the lab is a useful resource. Part 2: Complete Labster “Antibodies: Why are some blood types incompatible?” As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section of the lab is a useful resource. Part 3: Complete the Lab report.

Blood Lab Report

Answer the following questions: Part 1 Lab questions:

1. Identify the WBCs: (1 point)

a. monocyte

b.

Neutrophil

2. Record the Data: (1 point)

Patient Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3

CBC abnormality WBC slightly elevated and platelets decreased Abnormal MCV,MCH and HTC NONE

Peripheral smear result Intracellular parasites Abnormal shape red blood cells There are none available

3. What is the importance of a complete blood count? (1 point) A complete blood count is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders including anemia, infection, and leukemia. A complete blood count test measures several components in features of your blood.

4. What information does a peripheral smear add to the results of a complete blood count? (1 point) Peripheral blood smear, also called blood film, is a widely used technique to analyze the morphology of blood cells.

5. Identify the diagnosis of the 3 patients in the Part 1 Labster lab as determined by their CBC and Peripheral Smear results. (1 point)

Patient 1: Diagnosis was she caught Malaria when she went on a trip.

Patient 2: Diagnosis has sickle cell anemia.

Patient 3: Diagnosis was he was born with hemophilia.

Part 2 Lab questions:

6. When is Rh incompatibility an issue for a pregnant woman and her baby? (1 point) If the child is RH positive, the RH antibodies produce by the mother's immune system can pass through the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells. This results in hemolytic anemia, in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can regenerate them. Because the red blood cells carry oxygen all parts of the body, having low red blood cell count could be fatal to the child, which is called hemolytic disease of the newborns.

7. What do the antibodies in the “Anti-D” test circle detect? (1 point) The antibodies in the Anti-D detect Rhesus antigens.

8. What is the cause of blood agglutination on the Eldon test cards? (1 point) The cause of blood agglutination on the Eldon Test cards is clumping.

9. Why can agglutination be lethal for a patient when it occurs during a blood transfusion? (1 point) Agglutination can be lethal for a patient, because it can cause blockages in the patient’s blood vessels.

10. Why is blood type O neg called the “universal donor”? (1 point) O- Is called the universal donor because there are no antigens on the red blood cells that can be recognized as foreign.

Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity

Deliverable

Points

Part 1

Complete Labster “Hematology: Introduction to Blood”

10

Part 2

Complete Labster “Antibodies: Why are some blood types incompatible?”

10

Part 3

Complete lab report

10

Total

Complete all lab activities

30

Abbreviations CBC: complete blood count

WBC: white blood cell...