LAB 1 Izdham SHAH BIN IZMI 2021475104 PDF

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Centre of Studies for Town and Regional Planning Assignment

Department of Built Environment Studies and Technology Student Name : Izdham Shah Bin Izmi Student Number :2021475104 Assignment Number : LAB 1 Course Code : TPS482

Course Name : Advanced GIS For Planners

Group :AP2214A Semester :4 Name of Lecturer : Sr. Ts. Dr. Suzanah Binti Abdullah & Gs. Nurain Mohd Talmizi Date Submitted :29 October 2021

Due Date : 29 October 2021

Student Contact Telephone No :014-2347056

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this assignment is my own work and does not involve plagiarism. No part of this assignment has been copied from any other source. All material drawn from other sources has been fully acknowledged. This assignment has not been submitted for assessment in this or any other course.

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Date : :29 October 2021

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TPS482: ADVANCED GIS FOR PLANNERS SEMESTER: OCT 2021– FEB2022

SEMESTER: OCT 2021 - FEB 2022

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AAP221 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Seri Iskandar Campus

DEPARTMENT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERISTI TEKNOLOGI MARA PERAK BRANCH, SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS

ADVANCE GIS FOR PLANNER (TPS482)

LAB 1 (INDIVIDUAL)

PREPARED BY IZDHAM SHAH BIN IZMI 2021475104

AAP2214A BACHELOR IN TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

PREPARED FOR SR. TS. DR. SUZANAH BINTI ABDULLAH GS. NURAIN MOHD TALMIZI

Part 1 (50 marks) Spatial analysis is an important process in GIS that is able to provide insight on spatial phenomenon. Using GIS provides us a better understanding on the real-world issues and can assist us in identifying the spatial pattern.

VIDEO 1

1. Spatial and nonspatial statistics

Things that are near together are more similar than things that are farther apart, according to one of geography's axioms. This axiom is the foundation for strong spatial statistics tools that allow you to uncover and analyse geographic patterns, as well as typical non-spatial statistical tools like minimum, maximum, sum, frequency, mean, and standard deviation, which are explained under statistical analysis.

Some of the statistical analysis approaches discussed in this document are best suited for interactive apps like ArcMap, which allow you to pick and visualise data on the fly. Some of the methods mentioned here are present in the menus and toolbars of ArcMap and do not have a geoprocessing tool counterpart. Other methods, such as spatial statistics tools, are only used as part of the geoprocessing process.

Statistical analysis is often used to explore your data, for example, to examine the value distribution of a particular attribute or to find outliers (extremely high or low values). Having this information is very useful when defining classes and ranges on the map, reclassifying data, or finding data errors.

i.

Types of statistical analysis

Non-spatial statistics are used to analyze attribute values related to features. These values can be accessed directly from the feature attribute table of the layer. Examples of non-spatial statistics include mean and standard deviation. Charts,graphs and histogram are analyzing nonspatial data. In all cases, only the values are analyzed. The locations of the features with which the values are associated—and any spatial relationships between the features—are not considered.

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Q-Q Plot is used to compare the distribution of a set of data to the distribution of a standard normal distribution (the typical bell curve, when shown on a histogram). The anticipated values for a normal distribution are shown by the line on the Normal Q-Q plot.The closer the values are to the line, the closer the distribution is to normal. The concentration of the element Phosphorous in a series of soil samples is close to regularly distributed in this case.

2. Geoprocessing tools

Geoprocessing is a word used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to describe any of the processes that use specialised software tools to compare, analyse, or edit map layers and their underlying geographic data to create new sets of data. The comprehensive suite of geoprocessing tools can be used to perform spatial analysis or manage GIS data in an automated way. The geoprocessing software tools offer a wide range of quantitative and qualitative analysis and capabilities, which is essential for getting the most out of a GIS. The 7 Geoprocessing tools:

i.

The Buffer Tool.

ii.

The Clip Tool.

iii.

The Merge Tool.

iv.

The Dissolve Tool.

v.

The Intersect Tool.

vi.

The Union Tool.

vii.

The Erase (Difference) Tool.

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i.The Buffer Tool.

The Buffer tool creates a new coverage of buffer polygons around specified input coverage features. Features can be polygons, lines, points, or nodes.Function the buffer tool are to identify or define an area within a specified distance around a feature. For example, create a buffer to define an area around a river to identify land that can't be developed, or create a buffer to select features within a specified distance of a feature.

Figure 1 : Example of buffer tools function

ii.The Clip Tool. The Clip Tool cuts out an input layer to a defined feature boundary. Like a cookie-cutter, the output is a new clipped output and the clip tool is not just for vector. The clipping layer must be a polygon. But the input layer can be points, lines, or polygons.

Figure 2 : Example of clip tool features function

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iii.The Merge Tool. This tools to consolidate datasets from different sources into a new, single yield dataset. All info highlight classes should be of a similar calculation type. For instance, a few point include classes can be blended, however a line highlight class can't be converged with a polygon include class.

Figure 3 : Example of merge tool features function

iv.The Dissolve Tool. The Dissolve Tool is one of the most common tools in ArcGIS. Dissolve is an application of the conceptual operators that aggregates features often referred to as 'Merge' or 'Amalgamation.' It is an interaction wherein another guide highlight is made by blending adjacent polygons, lines, or districts that have a typical incentive for a predefined property. The highest usage is for cartographic display and data management. In ArcGIS, the dissolve tool through the Data Management Tools in the Generalization Toolset.

Figure 4: Example of dissolve tool features function

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v.The Intersect Tool. The intersect tool is included in the overlay toolset and is part of the analysis toolbox. It's a simple tool that allows you to add layers that you want to intersect. In the output feature, you can also set the ranks for how characteristics will be sorted. The query method is utilised in the Intersect operation, which is a spatial relationship operation. This query method picks features based on how they relate to other features spatially. Selection features can come from the same layer or from multiple layers. Containment and Proximity are two more operations that use query to define spatial relationships.

Figure 5: Example of interest tool features function

vi.Union Tools The features from two or more map layers are integrated into a single, composite layer by an analytical procedure known as union. Union combines the data from all of the contained layers, resulting in a new polygon with overlapping and non-overlapping portions. Union can only be used to combine polygon coverages. At their junction with polygons of the union coverage, the arcs of the input coverage polygons are separated. The arcs that result are utilised to create polygons in a manner similar to the build tool's poly option.

Figure 6: Example of union tool works

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vii.The Erase (Difference) Tool. Overlay analysis on feature classes is performed with the Erase tool. Outside of the erase feature class, this tool builds a feature class from those features or sections of features. The input layer's spatial data that intersects the erase layer is not included in the final output layer. Other polygons, lines, or points can be erased using a polygon feature.

Figure 7: Example of erase tool works

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VIDEO 2

1) Calculate area, length and geometrical properties. To access the geometry of the features in a layer. The tool can calculate coordinate values, lengths, and areas, depending on the geometry of the input layer. calculate the area, length, or perimeter of provisions if the facilitate framework being utilized is anticipated.

If a coordinate system is specified, the length and area calculations will be in the units of that coordinate system unless different units are selected in the length unit and area unit parameters. If the input features have a selection, just the chose elements will have values determined in the additional fields and any remaining elements will keep up with their current worth.

Use the Calculate Geometry dialog box to update the area, length, or perimeter of shapefile features, since these properties are not automatically updated when you edit features in shapefiles.

i.

Make calculations without being in an editing session; however, in that case, there is no way to undo the results.

ii.

Right-click the layer and click Open Attribute Table.

iii.

Right-click the field heading for which you want to make a calculation and click Calculate Geometry.

iv.

Press CTRL+SHIFT+G to open the Calculate Geometry dialog box.

v.

Click the geometric property you want to calculate.

vi.

Different properties are available depending on the type of layer you're using.

vii.

Click to use either the coordinate system of the data source or the coordinate system of the data frame.

viii. ix.

Click the units of the output calculations. Selected records in the table, choose whether to apply the calculations to all records or just the selected ones.

x.

Click OK.

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Part 2 (50 marks) 1.

Symbolize the land use data using the appropriate land use colour code from the

manual of Rancangan Tempatan Daerah by Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenanjung Malaysia. Prepare a land use plan complete with legends and map elements. (15 marks)

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1. A blank map opens. Above the map are toolbars. By default, the Standard and Tools toolbars are turned on. To the left of the map is the Table Of Contents, which shows the geographic content of your map.

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2. On the Standard toolbar, click the arrow next to the Add Data button and choose Add Data symbol. 3. Select the folder location that has the data layer available. 4. The list of layers will be listed in the add data column and click ‘Add’.

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Currently, you can't see the basemap under the Landuse layer with wrong color code. You'll organize the layers in the Table of Contents 5. The table content showing the layer after adding data

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6.Click right any layer to change the color code manually 7. Choose and click the properties menu

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8.Click the symbology tab after choose the layer properties menu. 9. On the left of the menu,click the categories to showing the value field

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10.Click the value field to set the value which is ‘Semasa’

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11.Next, click add all values to get all the list of value layer and the color. 12.Choose apply and click ‘OK’ after make sure all value listed.

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13.Double click at the layer to change the color of the layer 14.At the symbol selector menu, click at the fill color

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15.Click ‘more colors’ to insert the color code

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16.Choose the ‘RGB’ to insert the color code based on “KOD WARNA GUNATANAH RANCANGAN TEMPATAN DAERAH “to get the right color code. 17.the color code list ‘RGB’

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16.All the layers already change the right color in the table content 17.Zoom in or out to see the detail of map

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18.Go to the ‘VIEW’ tab and click ‘CHANGE LAYOUT’ to change layout view

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19.Go to the ‘INSERT’ tab to showing list : I.

Title

II.

North Arrow

III.

Legend

IV.

Scale Bar / Text

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20.Choose legend menu, click on all the layer names that you want to be listed in the legend. 21.Click ‘Next’ after all layer completely choose.

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22. Enter the title of the layout project in the title legend field. 23.Click ‘Next’

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24 & 25. Click ‘Next’ to next setting menu

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26.On the legend wizard setting,change the spacing and siza as appropriate. 27.Click ‘Finish’ after completely change the style.

28.Arrange the layout neatly. 29.Finish

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2. Calculate the following land use in hectare and percentage. Present the findings in a table. (20 marks) i. ‘Badan Air’ ii. ‘Kediaman’ iii. ‘Industri’ iv. ‘Pertanian’ v. ‘Hutan’

1.Open ArcMap in data view

2.Choose ‘Selection’ tab and select ‘Select by Attribute’ 1

3.Double click ‘Semasa’

4.Click right main layer to attribute and click ‘Convert Features to Graphics’

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5.The Add field box,insert name ‘Area_hek’ and change the type to ‘double’ 6.Click ‘OK’ aftr change the name and type 7.Click and highlight the ‘Area_Hek’ and choose ‘Calculate Geometry’

8. Change the property to ‘Area’ and units to ‘Hectare’

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9.Click the ‘Semasa’ row to showing the menu and choose ‘Summerize’

10. Select ‘Semasa’ to summerize and choose ‘Sum’ under Area_Hek tab.

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11.Go to the left table content, choose ‘Sum-Output’ and click open.

12.Click and highlight the Sum_Area_Hek row to choose the statistics menu.

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13.The statistic of Sum_Output pop up and showing the bar graph and list statistic of Sum_Area_Hek .The result for Sum is 175822 095895.

14.Add the percentage row similar with step 5 and click to choose field calculator.

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15.Double click ‘Sum_Area_Hek’ and divide (/) with sum in step 13 to get the calculate result.

16.Click the percentage row to highlight .

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17.Also click the properties menu.

18.The number format menu properties,choose the percentage and choose “the number already represents a percentage”. 19.Click the numeric options.

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20.Insert the numbering for number of decimal places and click apply > ‘Ok’.

21.The result for all landuse in hectare and percentage.

Types Sum_Area_Hek Badan Air 4660.012404 Kediaman 3885.50211 Industri 1300.24935 Pertanian 57730.980919 Hutan 93147.297524 22. The result of landuse in hectare and percentage.

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Percentage 2.7% 2.2% 0.7% 32.8% 53%

3. Classify the land use dataset into built-up. Prepare a map showing the results of built-up area.

(15 marks)

1.Click ‘Selection‘ tab on menu and choose ‘select by attribute’ .

2.In the select by attribute menu,double click the ‘Semasa’ and click ‘=’ to get value unique . 3.Click the output built up like this (‘semasa= tanah lapang dan rekreasi’) and click apply .

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4.Click ‘Landuse’ and right click to choose ‘data’ . 5.On data menu, choose export data and make sure right file in ‘output feature class’ . 6.Click ‘OK’

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7.The results of built-up area.

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