Lab 1.1 - Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary PDF

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Routing and Switching Essentials Lab 1.1: Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Part 1: Convert IPv4 Addresses from Dotted Decimal to Binary Step 1: Convert decimal numbers to their binary equivalent. Decimal 192 168 10 255 2

Binary 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111111 00000010

Step 2: Convert the IPv4 addresses to their binary equivalent. Decimal

Binary

192.168.10.10

11000000.10101000.00001010.00001010

209.165.200.229

11010001.10100101.11001000.11100101

172.16.18.183

10101100.00010000.00010010.10110111

10.86.252.17

00001010.01010110.11111100.00010001

255.255.255.128

11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

255.255.192.0

11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000

Part 2: Use Bitwise ANDing Operation to Determine Network Addresses Step 1: Determine the number of bits to use to calculate the network address. Description IP Address Subnet Mask Network Address

Decimal 192.168.10.131 255.255.255.192 192.168.10.128

Binary 11000000.10101000.00001010.10000011 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 11000000.10101000.00001010.10000000

How do you determine what bits to use to calculate the network address? The bits that are set to 1 in the binary subnet mask are used to calculate the network address. In the example above, how many bits are used to calculate the network address? 26 bits

Step 2: Use the ANDing operation to determine the network address Description IP Address Subnet Mask Network Address

Decimal 172.16.145.29 255.255.0.0 172.16.0.0

Binary 10101100.00010000.10010001.00011101 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

Description IP Address Subnet Mask Network Address

Decimal 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.0

Binary 11000000.10101000.00001010.00001010 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000

Description IP Address Subnet Mask Network Address

Decimal 192.168.68.210 255.255.255.128 192.168.68.128

Binary 11000000.10101000.01000100.11010010 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 11000000.10101000.01000100.10000000

Description IP Address Subnet Mask Network Address

Decimal 172.16.188.15 255.255.240.0 172.16.176.0

Binary 10101100.00010000.10111100.00001111 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 10101100.00010000.10110000.00000000

Description IP Address Subnet Mask Network Address

Decimal 10.172.2.8 255.224.0.0 10.160.0.0

Binary 00001010.10101100.00000010.00001000 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 00001010.10100000.00000000.00000000

Part 3: Apply Network Address Calculations Step 1: Determine whether IP addresses are on same network. a) You are configuring two PCs for your network. PC-A is given an IP address of 192.168.1.18, and PC-B is given an IP address of 192.168.1.33. Both PCs receive a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240. What is the network address for PC-A? 192.168.1.16 What is the network address for PC-B? 192.168.1.32 Will these PCs be able to communicate directly with each other? No What is the highest address that can be given to PC-B that allows it to be on the same network as PC-A? 192.168.1.30 b) You are configuring two PCs for your network. PC-A is given an IP address of 10.0.0.16, and PC-B is given an IP address of 10.1.14.68. Both PCs receive a subnet mask of 255.254.0.0. What is the network address for PC-A? 10.0.0.0 What is the network address for PC-B? 10.0.0.0 Will these PCs be able to communicate directly with each other? Yes What is the lowest address that can be given to PC-B that allows it to be on the same network as PC-A? 10.0.0.1

Step 2: Identify the default gateway address. a) Your company has a policy to use the first IP address in a network as the default gateway address. A host on the local-area network (LAN) has an IP address of 172.16.140.24 and a subnet mask of 255.255.192.0. What is the network address for this network? 172.16.128.0 What is the default gateway address for this host? 172.16.128.1 b) Your company has a policy to use the first IP address in a network as the default gateway address. You have been instructed to configure a new server with an IP address of 192.168.184.227 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.248. What is the network address for this network? 192.168.184.224 What is the default gateway for this server? 192.168.184.225

Reflection Why is the subnet mask important in determining the network address? It gives the number of bits to use for the network portion of an address and is used to determine network address.

Lab 1.2: Identifying IPv4 Addresses

Part 1: Identify IPv4 Addresses Step 1: Analyze the table shown below and identify the network portion and host portion of the given IPv4 addresses. IP Address/Prefix

192.168.10.10/24 10.101.99.17/23 209.165.200.227/27 172.31.45.252/24 10.1.8.200/26 172.16.117.77/20 10.1.1.101/25 209.165.202.140/27 192.168.28.45/28

Network/Host N,n = Network, H,h = Host N.N.N.H N.N.nnnnnnnh.H N.N.N.nnnhhhhh N.N.N.H N.N.N.nnhhhhhh N.N.nnnnhhhh.H N.N.N.nhhhhhhh N.N.N.nnnhhhhh N.N.N.nnnnhhhh

Subnet Mask

Network Address

255.255.255.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.192 255.255.240.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240

192.168.10.0 10.101.98.0 209.165.200.224 172.31.45.0 10.1.8.192 172.16.112.0 10.1.1.0 209.165.202.128 192.168.28.32

Step 2: Analyze the table below and list the range of host and broadcast addresses given a network/prefix mask pair. IP Address/Prefix 192.168.10.10/24 10.101.99.17/23 209.165.200.227/27 172.31.45.252/24 10.1.8.200/26 172.16.117.77/20 10.1.1.101/25 209.165.202.140/27 192.168.28.45/28

First Host Address 192.168.10.1 10.101.98.1 209.165.200.225 172.31.45.1 10.1.8.193 172.16.112.1 10.1.1.1 209.165.202.129 192.168.28.33

Last Host Address 192.168.10.254 10.101.99.254 209.165.200.254 172.31.45.254 10.1.8.254 172.16.127.254 10.1.1.126 209.165.202.158 192.168.28.46

Broadcast Address 192.168.10.255 10.101.99.255 209.165.200.255 172.31.45.255 10.1.8.255 172.16.127.255 10.1.1.127 209.165.202.159 192.168.28.47

Part 2: Classify IPv4 Addresses Step 1: Analyze the table shown below and identify the type of address (network, host, multicast, or broadcast address). IP Address

Subnet Mask

Address Type

10.1.1.1

255.255.255.252

host

192.168.33.63

255.255.255.192

broadcast

239.192.1.100

255.252.0.0

multicast

172.25.12.52

255.255.255.0

host

10.255.0.0

255.0.0.0

host

172.16.128.48

255.255.255.240

network

209.165.202.159

255.255.255.224

broadcast

172.16.0.255

255.255.0.0

host

224.10.1.11

255.255.255.0

multicast

Step 2: Analyze the table shown below and identify the address as public or private. IP Address/Prefix 209.165.201.30/27 192.168.255.253/24 10.100.11.103/16 172.30.1.100/28 192.31.7.11/24 172.20.18.150/22 128.107.10.1/16 192.135.250.10/24 64.104.0.11/16

Public or Private Public Private Private Private Public Private Public Public Public

Step 3: Analyze the table shown below and identify whether the address/prefix pair is a valid host address. IP Address/Prefix 127.1.0.10/24 172.16.255.0/16 241.19.10.100/24 192.168.0.254/24 192.31.7.255/24 64.102.255.255/14 224.0.0.5/16 10.0.255.255/8 198.133.219.8/24

Valid Host Address? No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes

Reason Loopback Host address Reserved Host address Broadcast Host address Multicast Host address Host address

Reflection Why should we continue to study and learn about IPv4 addressing if the available IPv4 address space is depleted? Private IPv4 addresses will continue to be used in organisations for internal networking. Public IPv4 will also be used into the future....