Lab 3- Three-phase Electricity Supply Zidiq Bir PDF

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CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY UiTM SARAWAK, KAMPUS SAMARAHAN 2 BUILDING SERVICES ECM346 OPEN-ENDED LAB MARCH - AUGUST 2021 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: Three-phase Electricity Supply DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 29 April 2021 GROUP: EC1104D GROUP MEMBERS: 1. Awang Muhammad Syahmi (2019240952)

2. Zidiq Bir Anak Peter (2019235204) 3. Ahmad Raziq Danish Bin Sahari ( 2019239508 )

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ELEMENT

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INTRODUCTION

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BASIC CONCEPT

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COMMENTS

SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/METHOD 3 ANALYSIS AND INTERPETATION OF DATA

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CONCLUSIONS TOTAL MARKS

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LAB REPORT SELF-ASSESSMENT NO

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Analysis and interpetation of data

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Discussion of result

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Conclusion

DETAILS

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Introduction of results Right data collected from experiment 3. Value of data relate to objectives 4. Analysis of data with caption -average 3 data - pattern or trend - graph - tables - equations -Sample calculation 5. SI unit 1. Introduction of discussion 2. Explain direct relationship of variables 3. Explain the results mean 4. Comparison of results to standard value (BS/ASTM/current practice) 5. State the value of error to standard value 6. Implication of results 7. Error of experiment 8. Precaution 1. Explain finding based on objective 2. Answer objective of the experiment 3. Percentage of data error 4. Future recommendation

√ (If avail able) by team leade r

Verifie d and comme nts by lecturer

INTRODUCTION Three phase power supply is the power supplied through three wires or four wires if neutral wire is included. The voltage of single phase supply is 230V whereas it is 415V in a three phase supply. For the same amount of power, a single phase supply requires more wire than a three phase supply. Usually three-phase electricity supply is used in manufacturing because it is transmitting electricity efficiently. BASIC CONCEPT Three-phase power can be defined as the common method of alternating current power generation, transmission and distribution. It is a type polyphase system and is the most common method used by electric grids to transfer power. A three-wire three-phase circuit delivered the power always in steady and consistent. A generator forces electrons in the windings to flow through external electrical circuit. Generator can be divided into two types, which are alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).In DC generator systems, current must be transmitted at a low voltage and high

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current level, which creates huge problem with power loss. AC generators send current at a high voltage and low current level, which means much less power loss. In AC generators, it works on a simpler design concept than DC generators. An AC generator consists of a set of stationary coils around which revolves a magnetic field which is generated by a rotating shaft.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this laboratory is to the principles and component in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity to the consumer.

SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/METHOD I.

Apparatus

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II.

The three phase electricity supply system to a domestic house.

Procedures

a) A detail layout for the transmission and distribution of electricity supply from Generating Power Plant (GPP) to the transmission substation, distribution substation and finally to a building by indicating the voltages at each stages in the system are proposed. b) Suitable electrical appliances use in a three phase wiring system for a multi-story house is identified. c) All equipment in the single line diagram of a sequence of supply control is studied. d) All supply control inside a consumer unit as well as outgoing wiring is showed. e) The wiring by using picture, diagram, flowchart or drawing is discussed. f) Items to be studied are neutral link and service fuse, meter, consumer unit, RCCB, main switch, MCB, earth link and earth electrode, neutral link and out-going cables to lighting, ceiling fan and switch socket outlet.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPETATION OF DATA a) Picture of supply of electricity to a multi-story house from an overhead cable.

b) Electrical plan (with legend) for a multi-story house.

Distribution board?

c) Electrical schematic drawing and includes labeling.  Schematic drawing of a 415V , Three phase 63A distribution board or Consumer unit.

*not relevant to electrical schematic drawing.

d) Electrical schematic drawing in the form of a diagram and picture.

*not relevant to electrical schematic drawing.

e) The wiring system for the multi-story house in the form of a picture or drawing.

Type text here

ground floor and first floor?

DISCUSSION Generating station will generate electricity and the current will be transmitted through transformers to increase the voltage so it has enough voltage to push the power over a long

distance through high-voltage transmission lines across the city. The electricity then reaches the substation where the voltage is lowered by smaller transformer so it can be provided to the smaller power lines and it will be safe to use in a multi-storey building. In the building, the electricity then again is distributed using the three-phase system for electrical supply such as lighting, ceiling fan and even for higher power appliances such as air conditioning and heating unit. Compared to small domestic house, multi-storey house has a higher electrical load because the electrical equipment is larger. Three-phase system uses 415 volts that comes with 4 wires which are 3 hot wires and 1 neutral wire. In one-phase wiring system, the house will share one wire only whereas in three-phase wiring system, each phase will have their own power. The first phase is typically used to provide power to the lighting and ceiling fans in the building, and is referred to as the lighting circuit. The second phase is the circuit that converts electricity to medium voltage electrical equipment in the home, such as the power socket and heating unit. We use dimmer switch and Sso sockets in this building. Finally, the third step of the circuit is for high voltage electrical equipment such as air conditioners, washing machines, and refrigerators..

CONCLUSION As a conclusion, three-phase power can be described as the traditional method of alternating current power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a kind of polyphase system and is the most common method used by electric grids worldwide to transmit electricity. A neutral wire may or may not be present in three phase systems. A neutral wire allows the three-phase system to use a higher voltage while still supporting lower voltage single phase appliances. In high voltage distribution situations, it is common not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply be connected between phase. Residences and small businesses are usually supplied with a single phase taken from one of the three utility phases. Individual customers are distributed among the three phases to balance the loads. Single-phase loads such as lighting may be connected from an energized phase to the circuit neutral, allowing the load in a large building to be balanced over the three supply phases. Finally, comparing single-phase vs. three- phase power, three-phase power supplies are more efficient. A threephase power supply can transmit three times as much power as a single-phase power supply, while only needing one additional wire (that is, three wires instead of two). As a result, three-

phase power supplies, whether three or four wires, require less conductor material to transmit a certain volume of electrical power than single-phase power supplies. Single-phase and three-phase power delivery systems both have functions that they well-suited at. However, the two kinds of systems are somewhat different from one another.

REFERENCES 1) Laboratory Manual- FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA - “Lab 3: Electrical supply- Domestic House Wiring System (Three-Phase Electricity Supply) “. 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power 3) https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2013/12/three-phase-electrical-wiring-in-multistorey-building.html 4) https://www.recommend.my/blog/malaysia-house-3-phase-wiring/...