LAB Exercise 3 THE CELL Structure AND Their Functions-1 PDF

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NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology Department of Biology Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University

LECTURE ACTIVITIES NO. 3 CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Name: Michaela Roca

I.

Section: 1

Date Submitted: 09-112020

INTRODUCTION The cell is the basic unit of life. The cells in the human body provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specific functions. Cells also contain the body’s genetic material and can make copies of themselves.

II.

PARTS OF THE CELL Below is an illustration of the cell. Identify each part with an arrow and label with the corresponding number for each part. 1. Nucleus

4. Cytoplas m 2. Nucleolus 5. Ribosome 3. Cell 6. Rough membrane ER

6. Rough ER 5. Ribosome

7. Smooth ER

10. Lysosome

13. Centrosome

8. Mitochondrion 9. Golgi apparatus

11. Peroxisome 12. Microtubule

14. Centrioles

1. Nucleus 2. Nucleolus 3. Cell membrane

7. Smooth ER

10. Lysosome

9. Golgi apparatus

13. Centrosome 14. Centrioles

8. Mitochondrion

12. Microtubule 11. Peroxisome 4. Cytoplasm

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NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology Department of Biology Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University

Fig. 3 Generalized Cell

III. THE CELL MEMBRANE

Fig. 2 The Cell Membrane

Briefly describe the structure of the cell membrane and how it regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is a bilipid layer that contains two major biomolecules, which are phospholipids and proteins, though there are some cholesterols and carbohydrates that are attached as well. Additionally, it has an inner and outer boundary and is described to be selectively permeable, meaning it only allows certain substances to enter and leave the cellular area. It confers to the processes of diffusion, osmosis, facilitated transports, carrier molecules that all deal with the concentration gradient. Diffusion is simply the movement of substances from higher to the lower concentration gradient, while osmosis is more specific for water molecules that prevent major water loss in the cell. Facilitated transports are pathways for specific molecules, and lastly, the carrier-mediated transport makes use of carrier molecules to move substances in and out of the cell. Likewise, Active transport is also used where it uses energy, in the form of ATP, to drive this movement.

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Biofacultymember2020

NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology Department of Biology Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University

IV.

ASSESSMENT

Answer each item guided by the specific instructions for each question set. A. True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. False 1. The nucleus is the least prominent structure in the cell. True 2. Cilia protrude from the cell and beat or vibrate. True 3. The Golgi body or apparatus is a collection of flat sac-like cisternae that look like a stack of pancakes; they act as storage warehouses of the cell. False 4. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are called ventricles. False 5. Cells that have no membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotic cells. B. Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 6. In a solution, _____individual_____ atoms or ions of a substance are distributed through the medium. 7. In a colloid, ______clumps_______ of atoms are distributed throughout the medium. 8. During cell division, chromatin condenses into thick rod-like structures called _____chromosomes__________, which become visible with a light microscope. 9. The ____Golgi______seems to function as a point within the cell where compounds to be secreted by the cell are collected and concentrated, and where carbohydrates are synthesized. 10. Materials enter and exit the cell through the _____membrane_________.

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Biofacultymember2020

NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology Department of Biology Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University

11. In protein synthesis, the process of copying the genetic information from the DNA molecule onto the messenger RNA molecule is known as ______Transcription_________. 12. The genetic material of a cell is ______Chromatin____________. 13. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs are called ______cristae________. 14. Protoplasm outside the nucleus is called ______cytoplasm_______. 15. A special molecule called ______messenger RNA________ copies the code from the DNA molecule in the nucleus. C. Matching Type Match each statement with the correct item below. a. protein synthesis d. site of photosynthesis b. powerhouse of the cell e. cellulose c. locomotion

__b._ 16. mitochondrion __a.__

17. ribosomes

__d.__

18. chloroplasts

__e.__19. plant cell wall __c.__ 20. flagella Match each statement with the correct item below. a. first to observe living cells under a microscope b. first described cells c. redistributes chromosomes d. basic unit of biological organization of the human body e. channels of the endoplasmic reticulum

__c.__21. centriole __e.__

22. cisternae

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Biofacultymember2020

NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology Department of Biology Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University

__d.__

23. cell

__b.__

24. Hooke

__a.__

25. Leeuvenhoek

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