Lab Report on Cellular Respiration and Fermentation PDF

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General Biology 201 LABORATORY REPORT LaGuardia Community College

Instructor: Prof. Dr. Michael Samms

Name: Narendra Joshi

Collaborators: Regine Mallari, Sasha

Title: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Date Performed: October 23, 2019,

Due: November 13, 2019.

ABSTRACT:

This experiment is designed to explain two important metabolic processes of the living cell i.e. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation. These, primarily cellular respiration, are the vital processes of generating ATPs in the living cell. The experiment was divided into two major part which are explained below briefly.

Part I- Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration is the major source of energy generation in the living cell. The experiment has been carried out in order to prove that this process require oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the environment. Three respiration chambers have been used. First chamber contains germination seeds, second contain non-germinating seed and the third one contains glass bead. The glass-bead-containing-chamber has been used as a negative control. The absorption of oxygen from the pipet was carefully observed throughout the experiment in each chamber. In the course of experiment, we observed that the water drop placed at “0” in the pipet started to move toward the chamber where germinating seeds were placed. This movement of water depicts the consumption of oxygen during the cellular respiration. While in other case, there was negligible or no movement at all depicting no cellular respiration. We used a formula in order to calculate the amount of oxygen consumed. The data concludes that only germinating seeds are capable of carrying the cellular respiration.

Part II- Fermentation

This set of experiment has been performed to evaluate the rate of fermentation using different forms of sugar. The rate of fermentation can be assessed by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide production by the yeast. The different level of CO2 production was compared in-between the six different tubes which contain six different sets of experiment, each differing with the type of sugar being used. The maximum amount of CO2 was observed in a experiment set which contained Glucose and yeast solution. This proves that glucose, a monomer sugar, is most favorable among other complex sugars for the fermentation.

INTRODUCTION

Every living cell require energy to perform life activities. The energy required is found in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) in our body. These ATPs are produced by either of the two processes: Cellular respiration or Fermentation. The key difference between two is the amount of glucose they oxidize and the consumption of oxygen during the process. Cellular respiration is an aerobic process which require oxygen to proceed while fermentation doesn’t. Another major difference is the number of ATPs each of the process generate. One molecule of glucose gives off 29 ATPs during cellular respiration while fermentation only produce 2 ATPs. Cellular respiration is a much-sophisticated process which is completed in multiple steps. Mitochondria is the primary site of cellular respiration. There are four major processes of cellular respiration viz.

Glycolysis, Pyruvate Processing, Krebs’s Cycle (Calvin Cycle), and Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative phosphorylation. Only glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and rest of the processes takes place in the mitochondria. Sir Hans Adolf Krebs discover the Krebs’s Cycle in 1937 for which he got the Nobel Prize in Medicine too. In human, fermentation takes place in the muscle cells when there is lack of oxygen in the body. Fermentation converts glucose into Lactic acid or ethanol along with CO2.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Part I- Cellular Respiration

The following are the materials used during the experiment of cellular respiration:

1. Germinating Seeds

6. Colored Water

2. Non-germinating seeds

7. Pipettes

3. Glass Beads 4. NaOH 5. Respiration Chamber with Rubber stoppers

Experiment was proceeded following the steps.

1. The experimental set up was acquired using the three respiration chambers, inserting water-drop-filled pipets into the chambers through the rubber stoppers.

2. Each chamber was placed horizontally on the table. 3. The inward or outward movement of water drop was carefully observed in each 5 minutes interval for 30 minutes. 4. The data was collected, and a graph was plotted at the end showing the result.

Part II- Fermentation

Following are the materials used:

1. Test tubes of two different sizes 2. Sugar Solution: Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose, Maltose, Lactose 3. Yeast Solution 4. 37C water bath 5. Grease Pencil

Experiment was proceeded following the steps.

1. A grease pencil was used to mark 6 small test tubes in 1-cm increments from the bottom. 2. Different sugar solutions and yeast solution was added. 3. Small tubes were inserted into the large tubes. 4. The tubes were then incubated at 37C for 25 minutes. 5. CO2 production was observed based on the degree of movement of the small tubes.

RESULT AND OBSERVATION

Germinating Seeds

Non-germinating seeds

Vol. of O2 used at 0 min (mL)

0

0

0

Vol. of O2 used at 5 min (mL)

0.2

0

0

Vol. of O2 used at 10 min (mL)

0.4

0.1

0

Vol. of O2 used at 15 min (mL)

0.7

0.1

0

Vol. of O2 used at 20 min (mL)

0.8

0.1

0

Vol. of O2 used at 25 min (mL)

1.0

0.1

0

Vol. of O2 used at 30 min (mL)

1.1

0.1

0

Part I- Cellular Respiration

Table I

Glass Beads

The rate of respiration was calculated using the formula:

mL Oxygenused∈30 weight of beans (gm)

Chart Title 1.2

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0

1

2

3

Germinating Seeds

4

5

Non-germinating seeds

Figure: Oxygen Consumed Over time

6 Glass Beads

7

8

Part II- Fermentation

Time (min)

mL liquid displaced tube 1

mL liquid displaced tube 2

mL liquid displaced tube 3

mL liquid displaced tube 4

mL liquid displaced tube 5

mL liquid displaced tube 6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

1.9

0

1

1.5

0.1

0

10

2.4

0

1.7

2.2

0.2

0

15

2.8

0

2.3

3.1

0.3

0

20

3.2

0

2.8

3.7

0.4

0

25

3.5

0

3

4

0.5

0

Below graph show the CO2 Produced over time:

4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

0

5

10

mL liquid displaced tube 1 mL liquid displaced tube 4

15 mL liquid displaced tube 2 mL liquid displaced tube 5

20

25 mL liquid displaced tube 3 mL liquid displaced tube 6

30

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Based on the above experiments, it is clear that only germinating seeds are capable of doing cellular respiration. We came to this conclusion because we saw the germinating seeds were consuming oxygen present in the pipet. Consumption of oxygen was confirmed by observing gradual movement of colored water drop that we put inside the pipet. In this experiment, the third chamber with glass beads was used as a negative control. While the second respiration chamber containing non-germinating seeds didn’t perform any cellular respiration. Hence, it was concluded that only germinating seeds were capable of cellular respiration.

Similarly, in the second part of the experiment, we were observing the rate at which different types of sugar undergo fermentation in the presence of yeast cells. The 30-minute-long experiment gave us the conclusion that glucose, monomer of all sugars, is most likely to get fermented at the highest degree. Below cited is the degree of fermentation in different sugars in the decreasing order.

GlucoseSucroseFructoseMaltose

Work Cited

Freeman, Scott. Biological Science. Global ed., Pearson Education Limited, 2017

Keller, Charles, et al. General Biology I SCB 201 Lab Manual. 2nd ed. Bluedoor, 2016...