Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation PDF

Preview

Summary

BIOLOGY 1441-007
Shawn Christensen
Notes from lectures. but prominently the Modified Mastering Biology textbook...

Description

9.1 Catabolic Pathways

Catabolic pathways – metabolic pathways that released stored energy by breaking down complex molecules -

Organic molecules possess potential energy because of electron arrangement

Fermentation – partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without oxygen (limited ATP produced) Aerobic Respiration – oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with organic fuel (eukaryotic) -

Organic fuel EX: carbs, fat, protein, starch/glucose

Anaerobic Respiration – use of other substances to harvest chemical energy from instead of oxygen (prokaryotic) Cellular Respiration – (aerobic process) BOTH anerobic and anaerobic that break down organic molecules to produce ATP

EX: breakdown of glucose (exergonic)

Redox Reaction – chemical reaction involving complete or partial transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another Oxidation – complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction Reduction – complete or partial addition of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction

Both donor and acceptor needed

Na = Reducing Agent – electron donor Cl = Oxidizing Agent – electron acceptor

Cellular Respiration formula:

NAD+ = oxidized from of a coenzyme that can accept electrons, becoming NADH NADH = reduced form of NAD+ that temporarily stores electrons during cellular respiration (carry electrons)

Electron Transport Chain – sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy to make ATP

Glycolysis – series of reactions that untimely splits glucose to pyruvate Critic Acid cycle – (8steps) completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl to carbon dioxide -

Occurs within mitochondria (eukaryotes)

-

Occurs in cytosol (prokaryotes)

Oxidative Phosphorylation – production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of electron transport chain

Substrate Level Phosphorylation – enzyme catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism...