Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration PDF

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Name: Lakiaya Wright Teacher: Professor Castro Course: BSC-1010C-13795 Date:10/28/2020

Discussion: Ch 9 Cellular Respiration 1. Define oxidation and reduction: Oxidation- Is the loss of electrons from one substance. Reduction- The addition of electrons to another substance. 2. Describe the major stages of cellular respiration: There are three main stages of cellular respiration: Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs when glucose and oxygen are supplied to the cells by the bloodstream, and it takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. Glycolysis can also occur without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. The Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs Cycle, starts when 2 molecules of the 3 carbon sugars made in the glycolysis are transformed somewhat different compound(acetyl CoA) It is the process that allows us to use the energy found in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Although the citric acid cycle does not use oxygen directly, it works only when oxygen is present. This cycle takes place in the matrix of cell mitochondria. The Electron Transport Chain is a series of proteins complexes and electron carrier molecules found within the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Through a series of reactions, the "high energy" electrons generated in the citric acid cycle are passed to oxygen. In the process, a chemical and electrical gradient is formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane as hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the inner membrane space. ATP is ultimately produced by oxidative phosphorylation—the process by which enzymes in the cell oxidize nutrients. The protein ATP synthase uses the energy produced by the electron transport chain for the phosphorylation (adding a phosphate group to a molecule) of ADP to ATP. 3. Explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration: The Electron Transport Chain is the last stage of respiration pathway. It is the stage where they make the most ATP molecules. The Electron Transport Chain is a collection of carrier proteins found on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. NADH release the hydrogen ions and electrons into the transport chain. 4. Describe the function of fermentation: During fermentation, an organic electron acceptor (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) reacts with NADH to form NAD+, generating products such as carbon dioxide and ethanol (ethanol fermentation) or lactate (lactic acid fermentation) in the process....