Lab1 Analog multimeter and application G5 PDF

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FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA 86400 PARIT RAJA BATU PAHAT JOHOR AKTIVITI/ ACTIVITY

KERTAS KERJA /WORK SHEET 1. Bachelor Degree in Vocational Education (Welding and Metal

NAMA PROGRAM DAN NAMA KURSUS/ PROGRAM’S CODE & NAME NO. DAN TAJUK UNIT KOMPETENSI / COMPETENCY UNIT NO. AND TITLE NO. DAN PENYATAAN AKTIVITI KERJA / WORK ACTIVITIES NO. AND STATEMENT

Fabrication) (BBD) 2. Bachelor Degree in Vocational Education (Air Conditioning and Refrigeration) (BBG) MULTIMETER

LAB 1: ANALOG MULTIMETER MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATION

OBJEKTIF/ OBJECTIVES

At the end of this experiment, students should be able to i) Give knowledge about the usage of analog multimeter and its functions. ii) Practice how to read the scale and set the range of multimeter.

AHLI KUMPULAN/ GROUP MEMBERS

1. ARMAN BIN ABD AZAM 2. MUHAMAD AFIF ZIKRI BIN MAZZELAN 3. SAIFUL BAHRI BIN ABDUL HALIM ITEM

DB200049 DB200147 DB200154

MARKS

1. Attendance/Discipline

/ 10

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PENGAJAR SAHAJA/

2. Introduction

/ 10

FOR INSTRUCTORS ONLY

3. Results

/ 50

4. Discussion

/ 20

5. Conclusion

/ 10

TOTAL MARKS

/ 100

Instructor’s Comment

Submission Stamp and Date

TITTLE

:

ANALOG MULTIMETER MEASUREMENT AND APPLICATION

OBJECTIVE

:

At the end of this experiment, students should be able to: (i)

Give knowledge about the usage of analog multimeter and its functions. (ii) Practice how to read the scale and set the range of multimeter.

EQUIPMENT

:

Analog Multimeter

BACKGROUND

:

Multimeters are very useful test instruments. There are two types of multimeter: Analog multimeter and digital multimeter. Analog meters use the force within the circuit to move a pointer to a scale position. Digital meters sense the force within the circuit and convert it to an ordinary number. By operating a multi-position switch on the meter they can be quickly and easily set to be a voltmeter, an ammeter or an ohmmeter. In other words, this instrument is used to measure resistance, current and voltage in electric circuit. It is also used to test electronic component such as resistor, capacitor, inductor, diode, transistor and etc. Besides, we can check the condition of these components whether good or not. If we looked at the analog multimeter, this equipment is classified into 6 basic divisions: a.

Control Unit Control unit can be set followed by measurement unit as we need. For example, if we want to measure alternating voltage and current (AU/AC), we must set the control unit to AVC (alternating current voltage) and so on.

b.

Reading Scale Reading scale has several curve lines with certain unit such as DCV.A, AVC,  and so on. Electric quantity is measured in this meter by the reading scale.

c.

Pointer The pointer is moving on the reading scale to show you the value of the electric quantity being measured.

d.

Terminal Meter There are two terminal meter named positive terminal and negative terminal. Both of terminal are joint to test lead whereas the red color for positive terminal (+) and black color for negative terminal (-).

e.

The Pointer-Zero Adjustment (only for analog multimeter) It is used to set the scale of volt and current on zero. An adjustment is not required if the pointer is set to zero.

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f.

The Ohms-Zero Adjustment (only for analog multimeter) Along the bottom of the meter panel marked as Ohms Zero. This knob is used to set the full-scale deflection of the pointer whenever the function is set to Ohms. Full scale is usually zero ohms. To set this: (i) (ii) (iii)

Set function to ohms Set range to R x 1 Touch probes together

Label of Each Indicator on the Analog Multimeter

Figure: 1.1 Measurement Method of Analog Multimeter Analog meters take a little power from the circuit under test to operate their pointer. They must have a high sensitivity of at least 20k /V or they may upset the circuit under test and give an incorrect reading. Batteries inside the meter provide power for the resistance ranges, they will last several years but you should avoid leaving the meter set to a resistance range in case the leads touch accidentally and run the battery flat. Typical ranges for analog multimeters like the one illustrated in Figure: 1.1 (the voltage and current values given are the maximum reading on each range). • •

DC Voltage: 0.5V, 2.5V, 10V, 50V, 250V, 1000V. AC Voltage: 10V, 50V, 250V, 1000V. 3

• • •

DC Current: 50µA, 2.5mA, 25mA, 250mA. A high current range is often missing from this type of meter. AC Current: None. (You are unlikely to need to measure this). Resistance: 20 , 200 , 2k , 20k , 200k . These resistance values are in the middle of the scale for each range.

If we looked at the reading scale of multimeter, we will see many colorful curve lines. Every line is used for certain unit such as resistance (), direct voltage and current (DCV.A), alternating voltage current (ACV) and so on (see Figure 1.2).

Figure 1.2 A.

Resistance Measurement The resistance scale on an analog meter is normally at the top, it is an unusual scale because it reads backwards and is not linear (evenly spaced). This is unfortunate, but it is due to the way the meter works. 1. Set the meter to a suitable resistance range. Choose a range so that the resistance you expect will be near the middle of the scale. For example: with the scale shown below and an expected resistance of about 50k choose the × 1k range. 2. Hold the meter probes together and adjust the control on the front of the meter which is usually labeled "0 ADJ" until the pointer reads zero (on the RIGHT remember!). If you can't adjust it to read zero, the battery inside the meter needs replacing. 3. Put the probes across the component. Avoid touching more than one contact at a time or your resistance will upset the reading! Choose scale range at x1. When the pointer shows at 20 scale reading, therefore the total of resistance is 20 x 1 = 20. 4

B.

DC Voltage Measurement There are 3 ranges in this scale reading: 0 to 10, 0 to 50 and 0 to 250. When you want to measure a voltage not more than 50V, the suitable scale Range is 0 to 50V. For example, if the pointer shows at 20, the total of Voltage measured is 20V. If the voltage is around 0.1V, so suitable scale reading is 0 to 10V (10/100=0.1V). For example, if the pointer shows at 8, the total of voltage measured is 8/100=0.08V.

C.

DC Current Measurement Scale range has been choosing is 25mA. The suitable scale reading is 0 to 250 (250/10=25mA). If pointer at 150, the total of current measured is 150/10=15mA.

Taking accurate readings

Figure: 1.3 Precautions Multimeters are easily damaged by careless use so please take these steps: • • •

Always disconnect the multimeter before adjusting the range switch. Always check the setting of the range switch before you connect to a circuit. Never leave a multimeter set to a current range (except when taking a reading). The greatest risk of damage is on the current ranges because the meter has a low resistance.

EXPERIMENT: READINGS OF ANALOG MULTIMETER PROCEDURE

1.

DC Voltage Readings (unit volt)

i.

Please ensure the positive prove (red) in positive (+) terminal and negative probe (black) in negative (-) terminal.

ii.

Select the selector to DCV in 250 DVC (Figure 1.4).

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Figure 1.4

iii. Look the black color scale and find the maximum scale (Figure 1.5). The maximum scale at Point 1 (250) based on selector value 250 DVC.

iv. Look the scale at point 2 and take the reading. v.

The reading shows at

125 volt

in volt DC unit.

Figure 1.5 2.

Resistor value reading (unit Ω)

i.

Please ensure the positive prove (red) in positive (+) terminal and negative probe (black) in negative (-) terminal.

ii.

Before make reading the resistor measurement at the selector switch of analog multimeter, the best practice touch two probe

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positive and negative and make 0Ω adjustment for resistor measurements.

iii. Example: Select the selector to Ω range at x100 (Figure 1.6).

Figure 1.6

iv. Look at top of black color scale and find the number in Ω based from the right at 0Ω.

v.

Look scale at point 1 and take the reading of scale (Figure 1.7).

vi. The reading shows at 10Ω (multiply) the value at the scale (100Ω).

vii. The final result =

650 ohm

Figure 1.7 7

in Ω unit.

3.

AC volt reading (unit volt)

i.

Plug the red test lead into the OUTPUT socket and the black one into the –COM.

ii.

Set the range selector at the selected range position.

iii. Example: Select the selector in ACV range at 50 (Figure 1.8).

Figure 1.8 i.

Look the black color scale and find the maximum scale (Figure 1.9). The maximum scale at POINT 1 (50) based on selector value 50 AVC.

ii. Look the scale at point 2 and take the reading. 46.5v iii. The reading shows at in AC volt unit (Figure 1.9).

Figure 1.9

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4.

DC Ampere reading (unit mA)

i.

Place the red test lead into + socket and the black into the –COM for DCA range at 50µA – 250mA.

ii.

Place the red test lead into the DC 10A MAX socket and the black into –COM for DCA range at 250mA – 10A.

iii. Set the range selector at a selected DCA range position. iv. Example: Select the selector to DCmA range in 25 (Figure 1.10).

Figure 1.10

i.

Look the black color scale and find the maximum scale (Figure 1.11). The maximum scale at POINT 1 (250) based on selector value 250 DCV.A

ii.

Look the scale at point 2 and take the reading.

iii. The reading shows at DC current at

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180

mA unit.

Figure 1.11 EXERCISES

:

1.

Reading on the Scale

Figure: 1.12 Based at pointer on the scale of multimeter, write the reading value at every range below:

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Result: Table 1.1

2.

Selector

Range

Reading

Unit

DCV

50

13 V

volt

DCV

2.5

0.65 V

volt

DCA

0.25

0.065 A

ampere

Resistor

X1 Ω

59

ohm

Resistor

X1KΩ

59,000

ohm

ACV

1000

290 V

volt

The multimeter is not suitable to measure capacitor with the low capacitance value. Thus, define the suitable equipment to measure it.

CAPACITOR TESTER: Alat yang sesuai untuk mengukur kapasitor dengan nilai kapasiti yang rendah. DISCUSSION

:

1. Analog multimeter can check the condition of components whether good or not. Discuss on how to check the condition of switch and fuse.

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1.Menyediakan peralatan seperti multimeter analog, suis dan fius .

2.Memasukan kabel merah kepada terminal positif dan kabel hitam kepada terminal negative pada multimeter analog. 3.Meletakkan jarum kabel merah dan hitam pada kiri dan kanan fius seperti di rajah 1.a. 4. Rajah 1.a menunjukkan jarum pada multimeter tidak bergerak menandakan bahawa fius itu sudah rosak/tidak berfungsi 5. Rajah 2.a menunjukkan jarum pada multimeter itu bergerak menandakan bahawa fius iru dalam keadan baik. 6.Meletakkan jarum kabel merah dan hitam pada kaki suis 7. Rajah 1.c suis dihidupkan dan jarum multimeter bergerak ini menunjukkan suis berada dalam keadaan baik 8. Rajah 1.d suis dimatikan dan jarum pada multimeter tidak bergerak, ini menunjukkan suis dalam keadaan baik.

9.Menukarkan range selector knob kepada fungsi continuity test (buzz) 10. Meletakkan jarum kabel merah dan hitam pada kiri dan kanan fius. 11. Rajah 1.e menunjukkan bahawa buzzer berbunyi dan menandakan bahawa fius itu berfungsi. 12.Rajah 1.f menunjukkan bahawa buzzer berbunyi dan menandakan suis itu berfungsi apabila dalam keadaan dihidupkan.

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2. Discuss the advantages using Digital Multimeter than Analog Multimeter.

KELEBIHAN MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMETER DIGITAL BERBANDING ANALOG MULTIMETER DIGITAL 1. Pengguna lebih mudah memahaminya tidak perlu menhitung nilai yang diukur kerana mempunyai paparan digital hasil pengukuran 2. Cara penggunaan yang lebih mudah 3. Menjimatkan masa

CONCLUSION

:

MULTIMETER ANALOG Memerlukan formula khas dan pengiraan untuk mendapatkan nilai bacaan • Cara penggunaan yang lebih rumit • Memerlukan masa yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkan nilai bacaan •

Write conclusion based on the objectives.

Untuk membuat kesimpulan sepanjang melaksanakan projek ini, kami dapat mempelajari tentang latar belakang dan cara penggunaan “Analog Multimeter”. Selain itu, kami juga dapat pengalaman cara untuk mencari sesuatu rintangan atau arus dengan menggunakan “Analog Multimeter”. Kami juga dapat mempelajari kebaikan dan keburukan tentang “Analog Multimeter” ini. Multimeter boleh menjadi alat tangan yang berguna untuk mencari asas kerosakan dan kerja perkhidmatan lapangan, atau instrumen yang boleh mengukur pada tahap yang sangat tinggi ketepatan. Selain itu, multimeter dapat menyelesaikan masalah-masalah elektrik di pelbagai peralatan industri dan isi rumah seperti peralatan elektronik, kawalan motor, peralatan domestik, bekalan kuasa, dan sistem pendawaian Multimeter Analog boleh dikendalikan dengan suis multi-posisi meter boleh ditukar kepada Amperemeter, Voltmeter dan Ohmmeter dengan cepat dan mudah. Multimeter analog biasanya digunakan untuk mengetahui kebolehfungsian komponen dan berkemampuan untuk mengukur rintangan ohm, voltan (Volt) dan arus (mA). Kelebihannya mudah dibaca dengan pandangan yang lebih mudah namun multimeter analog kurang tepat dalam hasil pengukurannya. Penentukuran adalah cara ia dilakukan untuk memulihkan kedudukan jarum ke kedudukan sifar. Walaupun kelemahan adalah ketepatan yang rendah, jadi untuk pengukuran yang memerlukan ketepatan tinggi harus menggunakan multimeter digital. Selain itu, pengguna multimeter analog juga harus mahir dalam membuat pengiraan dalam menentukan skala supaya peralatan tidak rosan dan mendapatkan bacaan yang tepat.

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