Lab2-Blood and Heart-Sp20 PDF

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EXPERIMENT1: HEART VALVES AND PUMPS Data Tables Table 2: Experimental Observations Observations (with valve) and mL H2O Displaced?

The amount of water displaced is less when pressure is applied

Observations (without valve) and mL H2O Displaced?

The amount of water displaced is more when pressure is applied

Post-Lab Questions 1. What happened when you pressed on the balloon stretched over the jar? What does this result represent? On pressing the balloon that is stretched over the jar, it stops the

water from going back down the straw which resembles the function of the pumping heart. It b prevents the backflow of the water from the straw upon pressing the balloon that is cut and stretched over the bottle or jar

2. What structure in this experiment mimics a heart valve? The cut end of the balloon that

is stretched over the jar. This mimics the valve which stops the back flow of the heart and helps in pumping the blood from the atrium.

3. How did the valve influence the experimental results? If possible, indicate the difference in water displaced (in mL) with the valve versus without the valve. Does the valve enhance water flow? Why? The valve has influenced the result by helping identifying

and analyzing how the heart beats or pumps and shows how the balloon acts similar to the artery. Through the experiment it can be analyzed that the valve can be used for keeping the blood being pumped from one chamber to another but if the balloon is taken off it will pump out water from the straw. This means that valve is important and it keeps the water from going back and which shows importance of how valves separates the heart chambers.

4. What other organs or body systems incorporate valves? How are they used? ©eScience Labs, 2016

EXPERIMENT 2: EFFECT OF CHELATION THERAPY ON ARTERIAL PLAQUE LEVELS This lab requires 1-2 weeks- you can turn in this lab before the observation period has ended, but I still want you to make your observations throughout the period! Table 3: Eggshell Observations Day 1

Beaker 1 Observations (4% EDTA Solution)

Beaker 2 Observations (8% EDTA Solution)

Beaker 3 Observations (Pure H2O)

Small transparent spots

Almost completely gone

Small cracks

Lager Transparent spots

Barley any egg left

Larger cracks with some spots

3

Larger transparent spots

Little pieces left

Transparent spots

4

Getting soft

Entirely dissolved

Larger cracks

5

Getting completely transparent

Entirely dissolved

Cracks with some spots

6

Transparent and flimsy

Entirely dissolved

Cracks with some spots

7

Almost completely dissolved

2

Entirely dissolved

Little more softer

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

PLEASE ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS BASED ON YOUR EXPECTED RESULTS

Post-Lab Questions 5. Describe the differences you EXPECT between Beaker 1, Beaker 2, and Beaker 3.

EDTA is a chelating agent, it will bind strongly with metal ions like calcium (Ca2+), Iron ©eScience Labs, 2016

(Fe3+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), and Sodium (Na+). Since eggshell contain large amounts of calcium carbonate, it is presumed that the experiment involves the effect of EDTA as a chelating agent of Calcium (Ca2+). The amount of Ca2+ in eggshell solution will reduce upon adding EDTA due to chelation in water will be the highest while 8% EDTA will have the lowest.

6. Does Beaker 3 serve as a positive or negative control? How do you know? Water serves as a negative control. It is a universal solvent and the human body is largely composed of it. Any other external or synthetic component has to be soluble in water to make it bioavailable.

7. EDTA is a synthetic amino acid, which the body perceives as a foreign substance. EDTA is therefore delivered to the kidneys and removed from the body in urine. Explain how this process also leads to the removal of heavy metals. EDTA is a chemical that is

capable of binding to heavy metals. When EDTA is introduced to the blood stream it binds to heavy metals and is filtered through the kidneys with blood. It is removed as wasted as waste product with the heavy metal it is bound to and collected as urine.

EXPERIMENT 3: MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF BLOOD Post-Lab Questions 8. What makes red blood cells unique compared to other cells in the body ? Blood is fluid connective tissue with a unique composition. It consists of plasma a liquid matrix, and formed elements (cells and cell fragments.)

9. How is new blood made? The bone marrow produces stem cells, the building blocks that

the body uses to make the different blood cells, red cells, white cells and platelets. The ©eScience Labs, 2016

erythropoietin sends a message to the stem cells telling more of them to develop into red blood cells rather than white cells or platelets.

10. What is the main function of platelets? Platelets clump together and stick to damaged vessel walls and they release chemicals that stimulate blood clotting

11. Sickle cells are named because of their characteristic shape. What problems can this shape cause? When Red blood cells become sickle shaped their oxygen carrying

capacity reduces. Cells of this shape also stick to the walls of blood vessels blocking the flow. All this leads to lesser amount of oxygen to be carried to tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause sudden severe pain.

EXPERIMENT 4: BLOOD TYPING Data Tables Table 4: Blood Typing Results

A (Blood Sample A)

B (Blood Sample B) C (Blood Sample C)

1 (Anti-A Serum) 2 (Anti-B Serum) 3 (Anti-Rh Serum) Blood Type:

Post-Lab Questions 12. What type of blood antigens are expressed if a person is blood type AB-negative? Blood type A and B

©eScience Labs, 2016

13. Why doesn’t a negative transfusion reaction occur the first time a Rh-positive patient is exposed to Rh-negative blood? Rh-positive blood type indicates that blood cells have

Rh antigens on them and Rh negative don’t have the antigen. When Rh blood is infused in a person with Rh positive blood no antibodies are formed as there is no antigen on the infused blood.

EXPERIMENT 5: VIRTUAL MODEL – THE HEART Post-Lab Questions 14. What component of the heart separates the left and right ventricles? A wall of muscle called the septum.

15. What component of the heart prevents the flow of the blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium? The Tricuspid Valve which allows blood to pass from the right atrium to

the right ventricle it prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium as the heart pumps.

EXPERIMENT 6: SHEEP HEART DISSECTION Post-Lab Questions 16. What surprised you about the anatomy of the sheep’s heart?

©eScience Labs, 2016...