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ANSWERS TO BAREXAMINATION QUESTIONSINLABOR LAW&SOCI AL LEGI SLAT I ONARRANGED BY TOPIC(1994 – 2006)Edited and Arranged by: Atty. Janette Laggui-Icao and Atty. Alex Andrew P. Icao (Silliman University College of Law) July 26, 2005Updated by: Romualdo L. Señeris II, LLB.(Silliman University Co...

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LABOR LAW – Bar Q & A (as arranged by Topics) 1994-2006

ANSWERS TO BAR EXAMINATION QUESTIONS IN

LABOR LAW &

SOCI AL LEGI SLAT I ON ARRANGED BY TOPIC (1994 – 2006) Edited and Arranged by:

Atty. Janette Laggui-Icao and Atty. Alex Andrew P. Icao (Silliman University College of Law) July 26, 2005 Updated by:

Romualdo L. Señeris II, LLB. (Silliman University College of Law) April 27, 2007

UP LAW COMPLEX PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF LAW SCHOOLS

LABOR LAW – Bar Q & A (as arranged by Topics) 1994-2006

This work is not intended for sale or commerce. This work is freeware. It may be freely copied and distributed. It is primarily intended for all those who desire to have a deeper understanding of the issues touched by the Philippine Bar Examinations and its trend. It is specially intended for law students from the provinces who, very often, are recipients of deliberately distorted notes from other unscrupulous law schools and students. Share to others this work and you will be richly rewarded by God in heaven. It is also very good karma.

We would like to seek the indulgence of the reader for some Bar Questions which are improperly classified under a topic and for some topics which are improperly or ignorantly phrased, for the authors are just Bar Reviewees who have prepared this work while reviewing for the Bar Exams under time constraints and within their limited knowledge of the law. We would like to seek the reader’s indulgence for a lot of typographical errors in this work.

LABOR LAW – Bar Q & A (as arranged by Topics) 1994-2006

Table of Contents GENERAL PRINCIPLES................................................................ 1 0 Constitutional Provisions on Labor (1998)..............................................................................10 Interpretation of Labor Laws (1998).........................................................................................10 Interpretation of Labor Laws; Liberal Approach (2006) ........................................................10 Labor Legislations; Purpose (2006).........................................................................................11 Labor Standard vs. Labor Relation (1997)..............................................................................11 Labor Standard vs. Labor Relation (2003)..............................................................................11 Labor Statutes; Classification (1995 No. 1:)........................................................................... 11 Labor Statutes; Principle of Solutio Indebiti; Not Applicable (1994) ................................... 12 Labor vs. Social Legislation ......................................................................................................12 Labor; as Property Right (2006) ...............................................................................................12 Rights of Employer/Employee (1996)......................................................................................12 Rights of the Employer; Management Prerogative (2000)...................................................12 Rights of the Employer; Management Prerogative; Benefits; Unilaterally Given (2005). 13 Rights of the Employer; Management Prerogative; Contracting Out Services (1994) ....13 Rights of the Employer; Management prerogatives (1994) .................................................14 Rule; Injunction in Labor Cases (2000)...................................................................................15 Social Justice as Guiding Principles in Labor (2003)............................................................15

JURISDICTION............................................................................ 1 5 CBA; Implementation & Interpretation (1995) ........................................................................15 Damages; Absence of E-E Relationship (1995) ....................................................................15 Damages; Not arising from the E-E Relations (1999)...........................................................16 Dismissal; Int’l Agency (1994) .................................................................................................. 16 Intra-corporate Matters/Officers (1996)...................................................................................17 Intra-corporate Matters/Officers (1997)...................................................................................17 Labor Arbiter (1995) ...................................................................................................................17 Labor Arbiter; Appeals (2001)................................................................................................... 17 Labor Dispute ( 2001) ................................................................................................................17 Med-arbiter (1996) ......................................................................................................................18 Money Claims; Reinstatement (1996) ..................................................................................... 18 Nat’l Labor Relations Commission (1995) ..............................................................................18 Nat’l Labor Relations Commission (2001) ..............................................................................18 Nat’l Labor Relations Commission (2001) ..............................................................................19 Nat’l Labor Relations Commissions (2001) ............................................................................19 Overseas Employment; Claim; Torts (2004) ..........................................................................19 Overseas Employment; Mandatory Remittance; Foreign Exchange (2006).....................20 Recovery of Wages (1994)........................................................................................................20 Remedies; illegal dismissal (1999) ..........................................................................................20 Secretary of Labor; Authority (1998)........................................................................................21 Secretary of Labor; Dismissal of Employees (1998)............................................................. 21 Voluntary Arbitrator (1997) ........................................................................................................21 Voluntary Arbitrator (2003) ........................................................................................................21

LABOR RELATIONS..................................................................... 2 2 CBA; Appropriate Bargaining Unit (1998)...............................................................................22 CBA; Arbitral Award; Retroactive Effect (2001) .....................................................................22 CBA; Arbitral Awards; Effectivity (1994)..................................................................................22

LABOR LAW – Bar Q & A (as arranged by Topics) 1994-2006

CBA; Automatic Renewal Clause (1999)................................................................................ 23 CBA; Automatic Renewal Clause (2001)................................................................................ 23 CBA; Bargaining Representative (2000).................................................................................23 CBA; Certification Election (2005)............................................................................................ 23 CBA; Certification Election; “No-Union" Win (2006).............................................................. 24 CBA; Certification Election; Consent Election; Run-Off Election (2000) ........................... 24 CBA; Certification Election; Freedom Period (1999)............................................................. 24 CBA; Certification Election; Probationary Employees (1999)..............................................24 CBA; Closed Shop Provision; When not applicable (1999) .................................................25 CBA; Closed Shop vs. Agency Shop (1997) ..........................................................................25 CBA; Contract Bar Rule vs. Deadlock Bar Rule (1999)........................................................25 CBA; Coverage; Non-Union Members; Religious Sect (2005)............................................25 CBA; interpretation (2004).........................................................................................................26 CBA; Jurisdictional Pre-Conditions (1996) ............................................................................. 26 CBA; Lock-out vs. Closed Shop (2004) ..................................................................................26 CBA; Mandatory Subjects of Bargaining (1996)....................................................................26 CBA; Registration Requirement; Contract Bar-Rule (2000) ................................................27 CBA; Run-Off Election (2006)...................................................................................................27 CBA; Sale of Establishment; Effect (1994)............................................................................. 27 CBA; Social Security vs. Union Security (2004) ....................................................................27 CBA; Substitutionary Doctrine (2000)...................................................................................... 27 CBA; Union Security Clause (2004) ........................................................................................28 CBA; Union Security Clause; Closed Shop Provision (1995)..............................................28 CBA; Union; Representation Issue (1999)..............................................................................28 CBA; Wage Increase Coverage; Non-Union Employees (2005) ........................................29 CBU; Company Union vs. Union Shop (2004)....................................................................... 29 CBU; Confidential Employees (1994)......................................................................................29 CBU; Consent Election vs. Certification Election (2004)......................................................30 CBU; Managerial Employees; Supervisory Employees (1995)...........................................30 CBU; Managerial Employees; Supervisory Employees (1999)...........................................30 CBU; Modes; Determination of Exclusive Bargaining Agreement (2006) .........................31 Due Process; Disciplinary Cases (1995) ................................................................................31 Employees; groups of employees (1996) ...............................................................................32 Employees; Managerial Employee vs. Managerial Staff (1994) ........................................32 Employees; managerial employees vs. supervisory employees (2002) ............................32 Employees; Managerial vs. Supervisory vs. Rank-and-File Employees (2003)...............32 Right to Strike: Sympathy vs. General Strike (2004) ............................................................33 Right to Strike; Assumption Power ..........................................................................................33 Right to Strike; Compulsory Arbitration; Certification to NLRC (1995)...............................34 Right to Strike; Effects; Hired Replacements (2006) ............................................................34 Right to Strike; Effects; illegal strike (1995)............................................................................34 Right to Strike; Effects; illegal strike (1995)............................................................................34 Right to Strike; Effects; illegal strike (2000)............................................................................34 Right to Strike; Effects; Strikers’ illegal Acts (2006).............................................................. 34 Right to Strike; illegal dismissal (2003) ................................................................................... 34 Right to Strike; illegal lockout (1995) ......................................................................................35 Right to Strike; illegal strike; Loss of Employment (1994)....................................................35 Right to Strike; Industries Vital to National Interest (2004) ..................................................36 Right to Strike; Industries Vital to National Interest; Return to Work Order (1996).......... 36 Right to Strike; Lawful Strike; Effect on Participants (1997) ................................................37

LABOR LAW – Bar Q & A (as arranged by Topics) 1994-2006

Right to Strike; Lawful; Right to Reinstatement (2006)......................................................... 37 Right to Strike; Limitations (2000) ............................................................................................37 Right to Strike; National Interest; DOLE Sec. intervention (2004)......................................38 Right to Strike; Picketing Activity (2000) .................................................................................38 Right to Strike; Picketing Activity; illegal dismissal (2004)..................................................38 Right to Strike; Return to Work Order (1994).........................................................................39 Right to Strike; Return to Work Order (1997).........................................................................39 Right to Strike; Return to Work Order (1998).........................................................................39 Right to Strike; Return to Work Order; Assumption Order (2003) ......................................40 Right to Strike; Statutory Requisites; Procedural Requirements (2004)............................40 Right to Strike; Temporary Stoppage (2002)..........................................................................41 Right to Strike; Wildcat Strike (1997).......................................................................................41 Right to Strike; Work Slowdown (1998) ..................................................................................41 Self Organization; Acquisition of Legal Personality (2003)..................................................42 Self Organization; Appropriate Bargaining Unit; Confidential Employees (2002) ............42 Self Organization; BLR Certification; Certification Election (1998).....................................42 Self Organization; Certification Election (2001).................................................................... 43 Self Organization; Certification Election; Bystander Rule (1996) .......................................43 Self Organization; Certification Election; Unorganized Establishment (2003).................. 44 Self Organization; E-E Relationship; Certification Election (1998) ....................................44 Self Organization; Gov’t Employees (2004) ...........................................................................44 Self Organization; Importance (1996)......................................................................................45 Self Organization; Membership Policy (1998)........................................................................45 Self Organization; Right to Disaffiliate from the Local Union; illegal dismissal (1994) .... 45 Self Organization; Right to Self-Organization of Coop Employees (2002)........................46 Self Organization; Union Dues; Assessment (2002)............................................................46 Self Organization; Union Dues; Assessments (1997)..........................................................46 Self Organization; Unions; Assessments (2001) ...................................................................47 Self Organization; Unions; Financial Records (1999)..........................................................47 Self Organization; Unions; Financial Records (2001)..........................................................48 Self Organization; Unions; Membership; Dismissal in Bad Faith (2002) ...........................48 Self-Organization (2002)............................................................................................................48 Self-Organization; Dismissal due to Union Activities (2004)................................................ 48 Self-Organization; Gov’t vs. Private Employees (1996) .......................................................49 Self-Organization; Right to Join (2000) ...................................................................................49 ULP; Awards of Damages (2001) ............................................................................................49 ULP; Contracting Out Labor (2001) ......................................................................................... 50 ULP; Definition & Examples of ULP (1996) ............................................................................50 ULP; Jurisdiction; Labor Arbiter (1997) ...................................................................................50 ULP; Refusal to Negotiate (1997) ............................................................................................51 ULP; Rights & Obligations; Workers’ Association (2004)..................................................... 51 ULP; Subject to Criminal Prosecution (2005).........................................................................52

LABOR STANDARDS ................................................................... 5 2 E-E Relationship; Corporation (1999) ....................................................................................52 E-E Relationship; Determined by Facts & Laws (2000) .......................................................53 E-E Relationship; Elements (1996)..........................................................................................53 E-E Relationship; GRO’s & Night Clubs (1999)....................................................................53 E-E Relationship; Security Guards; Floating Status (1999)...............................................53 E-E Relationship; Self-Employed (2003) ................................................................................ 54

LABOR LAW – Bar Q & A (as arranged by Topics) 1994-2006

E-E Relationship; Workers paid by Results (2004) ..............................................................54 E-E Relationship; Working Student & School (1997)............................................................55 Employment; Aliens; Requisites (1995) ..................................................................................55 Employment; Children; Below 15 yrs old (2004)....................................................................56 Employment; Driver as Househelper & in a Commercial Establishment (1998) ..............56 Employment; Handicapped Employee (1998) .......................................................................56 Employment; Handicapped Employee (2000) .......................................................................56 Employment; Handicapped Workers; Contractual Employees (2006)...............................57 Employment; Homeworkers (2000) .........................................................................................57 Employment; Househelpers (2000) .........................................................................................57 Employment; Minors (2006) ......................................................................................................57 Employment; Minors; Hazardous Work (2002) ......................................................................58 Employment; Radio-TV Show Host; Expiration of Term (2005)..........................................58 Employment; Women; Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (2000)................................................59 Employment; Women; Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (2000).........................