Law Notes - Summary Enterprise Law PDF

Preview

Summary

Govender of Western of State of a Court Case ......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. Dispute...

Description

200184

Introduction to business law Rebekha Govender || 17700681

University of Western Sydney AUTUMN 2015

0

pg. 1

Table of Contents Topics Covered .......................................................................................................................... 14 Broad Questions to consider................................................................................................. 14 Specific Topics ....................................................................................................................... 14 The Australian Legal System ..................................................................................................... 15 Preliminary Concepts of Law................................................................................................. 15 Law .................................................................................................................................... 15 Legislation ..................................................................................................................... 15 Case Law........................................................................................................................ 15 Adversarial Vs Inquisitorial............................................................................................ 15 Government ...................................................................................................................... 15 Levels of Government ................................................................................................... 16 Commonwealth/Federal Government...................................................................... 16 State/ Territory Government .................................................................................... 16 Local Government (council) ...................................................................................... 16 Branches of Government .............................................................................................. 16 The legislature ........................................................................................................... 17 History of Parliament ...............................................................................17 Parliament ................................................................................................18 Creation of Acts (commonwealth and New South Wales parliament} ....19 Deadlocked bills ................................................................................................ 19 Changing legislation .................................................................................20 Interpretation of legislation .....................................................................20 The Executive ............................................................................................................ 20 Ministers and Department Heads ............................................................20 Sources of executive power .....................................................................21 Limits on executive power .......................................................................21 The Judiciary.............................................................................................................. 21 Hierarchy of the Court System .................................................................21 Federal vs State courts ...................................................................................... 22 Doctrine of Precedent ..............................................................................23 Responsibilities of the Federal Courts.....................................................23 pg. 2

Responsibilities of State Courts................................................................24 Proceedings of a Court Case ....................................................................25 Regulation ......................................................................................................................... 26 Lawyers .............................................................................................................................26 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) ............................................................................... 27 History of Australia’s Legal System ....................................................................................... 28 Aboriginal Law and Culture ............................................................................................... 28 Customary law...............................................................................................................28 English Law and NSW ........................................................................................................ 28 Historical Development of Englsih Law......................................................................... 28 Common law and equity law.........................................................................................29 Early colonial law...........................................................................................................29 Legal independence from Britain .................................................................................. 29 Federation ................................................................................................................. 30 Australian Acts .............................................................................................................. 30 The Australian Constitution .............................................................................................. 30 Restrictions on Commonwealth Power ........................................................................ 30 Changing the constitution ............................................................................................. 31 Legalisation creation ..................................................................................................... 31 Indigenous Rights under Australian Law ........................................................................... 31 Rights under customary law.......................................................................................... 32 Land rights ..................................................................................................................... 32 Mabo Case Study........................................................................................................... 32 Native Title Act 1993 ..................................................................................................... 33 Key features of the Australian Legal System..................................................................... 33 Liberal Democracy......................................................................................................... 33 Representative government ..................................................................................... 33 Responsible government ..........................................................................................33 Constitutional democracy ......................................................................................... 34 Federal system of Government................................................................................. 34 Contract Law ............................................................................................................................. 35 Creation of Contracts ............................................................................................................ 35 Forms of a contract ........................................................................................................... 35 Essential Elements of a contract ....................................................................................... 35 Agreement ....................................................................................................................36 Offers......................................................................................................................... 36 pg. 3

When do offers end ?...............................................................................36 Couter- offers ...........................................................................................36 Case Study : Counter Offer................................................................................ 36 What is not offers....................................................................................37 Acceptance ................................................................................................................ 37 Express Acceptance ..................................................................................38 Implied acceptance ..................................................................................38 Responses that are not acceptance .........................................................39 Case study Acceptance.............................................................................39 Intention........................................................................................................................ 39 Express intention....................................................................................................... 40 Implied intention....................................................................................................... 40 How the court sees Intention ...................................................................................40 Consideration ................................................................................................................ 41 Types of Consideration .............................................................................................41 Value of Consideration.............................................................................................. 41 CASE STUDY CONSIDERATION SUFFICIENT VS ADEQUATE ......................41 Past Consideration .................................................................................................... 41 CASE STUDY PAST CONSIDERATION.........................................................41 Estoppel (5) ....................................................................................................................... 42 CASE STUDY ESTOPPEL .............................................................................42 Promissory or equitable estoppel ................................................................................. 42 Formalities......................................................................................................................... 43 The Memorandum required .........................................................................................43 Effect of non-compliance : The doctrine of part performance ..................................... 43 Defects, interpretation and enforcement of contracts ........................................................44 Defects ..............................................................................................................................44 Lack of Capacity............................................................................................................. 44 Minors ....................................................................................................................... 44 -

Valid..........................................................................................44

-

Voidable ...................................................................................45

-

Void ..........................................................................................45

-

Misrepresentation by minors...................................................45

Corporations .............................................................................................................45 Mentally incapacitated and intoxicated persons : .................................................... 45 Married women ........................................................................................................ 46 pg. 4

Bankrupts .................................................................................................................. 46 Illegality ......................................................................................................................... 46 Illegality under statute law .......................................................................................46 Illegality under Common Law ...................................................................................47 Contracts Illegal at Common Law.............................................................47 Contracts Void at common Law ...............................................................47 Consequences of illegal Contracts and Void Contracts............................................. 48 Lack of Consent ............................................................................................................. 48 -

Duress................................................................................................................ 48

-

Undue influence ................................................................................................ 48

-

Unconscionability .............................................................................................. 48

-

Mistake .............................................................................................................. 48

-

Misrepresentation............................................................................................. 49

Terms of Contracts ................................................................................................................ 50 Express Terms ................................................................................................................... 50 Parol evidence rule........................................................................................................50 Distinction between representation and terms of contract ......................................... 50 Collateral contracts ....................................................................................................... 51 Conditions , warranties nad innominate terms ............................................................ 51 Implied Terms ...................................................................................................................51 Interpretation of Contract Terms...................................................................................... 52 Exclusion Clauses...........................................................................................................52 Incorporation Issue ................................................................................................... 52 Interpretation Issue................................................................................................... 53 Operation of the Contract (10) ............................................................................................. 53 Privity of Contract ............................................................................................................. 53 Exceptions to the doctrine ............................................................................................ 53 Liability for inducting a breach of contract ....................................................................... 54 Assignment of Contracts ................................................................................................... 54 Assignment of Liabilities ...............................................................................................54 Assignment of Rights..................................................................................................... 54 Assignments by Statute................................................................................................. 54 Assignments in Equity ................................................................................................... 54 Assignments by operation of law.................................................................................. 54 Termination of a Contract (11) .............................................................................................55 Completion ........................................................................................................................ 55 pg. 5

Operation of Legislation .................................................................................................... 55 Termination by Performance ............................................................................................ 55 Termination by Agreement ............................................................................................... 56 Under the original agreement.......................................................................................56 By Subsequent Agreement............................................................................................56 Contingent Conditions ..................................................................................................56 Termination by Breach ...................................................................................................... 57 Repudiation ................................................................................................................... 57 Breach of a Term ........................................................................................................... 57 Termination by Frustration ...............................................................................................57 Application of the Doctrine ........................................................................................... 57 Limitations on the doctrine of Fustration ................................................................. 58 Termination by operation of law ...................................................................................... 58 Bankrupcy...................................................................................................................... 58 Merger........................................................................................................................... 58 Remedies............................................................................................................................... 58 Remedy of Damages .........................................................................................................58 Measure of damages..................................................................................................... 59 Must have been caused by the breach and not be to far from it .................................. 59 Duty to Migrate ............................................................................................................. 59 Penalties or Liquidation ....................................................................................................60 Specific Performane .......................................................................................................... 60 Injunction .......................................................................................................................... 60 Restitution ......................................................................................................................... 61 Tort Law ....................................................................................................................................62 Tort Law vs Criminal Law vs Contract Law ........................................................................ 62 Types of Torts .................................................................................................................... 62 Business Torts ...............................................................