Learning Lecture PDF

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Summary

John Gambon lecture covering how we learn, what we learn and when we learn it in life....

Description

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to an experience.

Learning by Reflex or Classical Conditioning  

Stumbled upon by Ivan Pavlov Pavlov originally studied salivation in dogs.

Four Components    

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) causes Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) neutral Conditioned Response (CR) learned response

Extinction is the process of eliminating a classically conditioned response 1. Break connection between UCS and CS 2. Break connection between CS and CR Spontaneous Recovery after extinction subject may show original response when presented with stimulus. Generalization if a similar stimulus can cause the same response Discrimination if a similar stimulus does not cause the same response

Examples in therapy 

Phobias and Extinction

Other Examples  

Advertising - Beer ads marketing etc. Your Body -

Operant Conditioning  

B.F. Skinner It's all about reinforcement o Positive Reinforcement o Negative Reinforcement  Aversive Stimuli is present, and you carry out a behavior to make it go away o Punishment  Your behavior has no effect on the Aversive Stimuli

Aversive Stimuli - Anything you don't like

Schedules of Reinforcement     

Ratio System o All about numbers, certain number of trials Interval System o All about time, amount of time spent Fixed Ratio o Continuous Ratio Fixed Interval Variable Ratio - Slot Machines

Operant Conditioning Applied Superstition Applied The Old MGM was changed so you don't enter building through lion's mouth, built statue instead Shaping 

Creating complex behavior by chaining a series of small behaviors

Aversive Conditioning  

Escape Learning o Learned Helplessness Punishment o Reinforcement "Strengthen" a response o Punishment "Weakens" a response  Punishment by Application  Negative Punishment  Occurs when you apply an aversive stimulus  Spanking  Punishment by Removal  This is not Negative Reinforcement  Something pleasurable is removed  Taking away phone, grounding etc....