Lecture 1, 2021. Introduction PDF

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Welcome to BioMG 1350! Introductory Biology: Cell and Developmental Biology

Lecturers Chris Fromme

Kelly Liu

We are both Faculty in the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics

Lecture schedule Lectures by Zoom (links in Canvas) Mondays and Wednesdays 9:05– 9:55am Will be recorded and posted to Canvas We will use the Zoom polling function during class from time to time Submit questions during lecture by “Q+A”

Lecture slides

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Lecture slides posted in Canvas (PDF format)

Figure 7-5 Essential Cell Biology

Active Learning Sections Active Learning Sections begin this week! Purpose: To provide content in an active learning environment Examples

How microscopy can be used to explore the molecular organization of cells

How to visualize biological molecules in three dimensions

How to follow a secretory protein through the cell

Teaching Assistants Bella Burda

Bretta Hixson

[email protected]

Jumana Badar

[email protected]

[email protected]

DIS 202, 212, 222, 223

DIS 208, 210

DIS 201, 203

Saeed Hosseinzaedh [email protected]

DIS 213, 216, 217, 219

Rui Huang

Hye-Rim Hong [email protected]

DIS 207, 209, 211

Heather Phillips Bhaavya Srivastava

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DIS 206, 220, 221

DIS 215

DIS 204, 205

Office Hours Schedule • Offered via Zoom (through Canvas site) • Chris or Kelly: – Thursdays, 11:30am - 1:00 pm – By email appointment, Thursdays 1:30 - 2:30 pm ([email protected])

• TAs: – – – –

Heather, Mondays 8:00 - 9:00 am Bella, Tuesdays 5:00 - 6:00 pm Bhaavya, Wednesdays 5:00 - 6:00 pm Bretta, Thursdays 8:00 - 9:00 am

• All times are ET (US Eastern Timezone)

Canvas course website

Zoom links for Lectures, Sections, and Office Hours

Course Schedule Active Learning Section

Prelim. 1

Electronic Textbook

Select this

Electronic Textbook Essential Cell Biology 5th Edition Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter IMPORTANT

5th Edition (2019)

This course is enrolled in The Cornell Store’s Instant Access Program which provides digital course materials at a reduced price compared to the same version in printed form. In this course, Instant Access includes access to the ECB5 ebook and the Smartwork5 online problem sets for 365 days and costs $75. You can access the ebook and animations from the ECB5 Ebook link on the Canvas home page. Smartwork5 problems are sorted by lecture and you can access these from the Lectures link on the home page.

Electronic Textbook 5th Edition (2019) HARDCOVER: $183 – list •

If you purchase a used copy, you do not need the DVD as all the material is available on the W.W. Norton Website

•

The 4th Edition is very similar, although the page numbering is slightly different.

• Text for Developmental Biology No additional text. Reading material will be provided through Canvas

“SmartWork”: Optional Practice Problems

Select this

“SmartWork”: Optional Practice Problems

Then select this

“SmartWork”: Optional Practice Problems Then you should see this:

BioMG 1035: Academic Support for BioMG 1350 Come review and practice BIOMG1350 lecture material in a supportive environment with your peers! Academic Support for Cell and Developmental Biology (BIOMG 1035) reinforces material from BIOMG 1350 lecture. Enroll in the course for credit or use it on a drop-in basis. • In-person section: Thurs 9:40-10:55am, Stocking Hall 146 Drop-ins must sign up the day before. • Online section: Fri 9:40-10:55am, Zoom

To be added to the support course, please follow the instructions on the BIOMG1035 page in Canvas.

Course Grading Exams (80% of grade) 3 Prelims (20% each) and 1 Final (20%) or 2 best Prelims (20% each) and 1 Final (40%) There are no make-up exams Exams will cover material in lectures and sections Final exam covers the entire course Section (20% of grade) Attendance (10%) Homework (10%)

• Do the required readings • Actively take notes (handwritten is best) • To test your understanding, make up questions whose answer is found in the summary at the end of each lecture • Actively participate in the active learning sections • Attend office hours! We love to see you!

Got Questions?

General course questions

About Active Learning Sections About lecture material

[email protected] Ask the TA of your section Ask during lecture (via chat) Or during Office Hours

Our first Zoom Poll! What is the highest level of biology you have completed? A. This is my first biology class B. High school biology (not AP) C. AP biology D. College Freshman biology (1 or 2 semesters) E. More than Freshman biology (3+ semesters)

Our second Zoom Poll! Where are you right now? A. On-campus housing B. Off-campus but in Ithaca C. Not in Ithaca, but somewhere in Eastern timezone D. Not in Eastern timezone, but in US E. Not in US

Life is amazingly diverse

Wha do all living things have in common?

Living things: • • • • •

utilize materials and energy grow and develop respond to their environment reproduce and pass their traits to offspring evolve (change slowly) in response to their environment

Cells were not seen until the 17th century, when the microscope was invented

Robert Hooke (1635-1703)

Hooke’s microscope

Drawing of the structure of cork by Robert Hooke that appeared in Micrographia in 1655 in which he coined the term “cell.”

Hooke was in fact looking at the cellulose walls of dead plant cells

Cells were not seen until the 17th century, when the microscope was invented

Antonie van Leeuwenhook (1623-1732)

Antonie van Leeuwenhook microscope

Drawings of bacteria ‘animalcules’

Leewenhook built over 200 microscopes and was the first person to observe single living cells.

Cells are the universal building blocks of all living tissues Cell Theory – 1838

Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881)

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882)

Drawings of cells by Dr. Th. Schwann in Microscopic Investigations on the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Plants and Animals.

Can Life be Spontaneously Created?

1.

2. Louis Pasteur – in 1860 (1822-1895)

All cells arise from pre-existing cells

3.

Where does the diversity of life come from? The Theory of Evolution - 1838

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

All species are derived from variants of earlier species by selection of the fittest

All life has a common origin – it started about 3 billion years ago

How do we know this? • DNA sequences of all organisms are related • The basic chemistry of all cells is similar • The fundamental processes are similar Implication of this fact: • What you learn about one type of cell will likely be true in other cell types

Molecular Biology of the Cell Fig. 1-21

Lynn Margulis: Endosymbiont Theory ~1.5 billion years ago

Initially dismissed by the field, this idea is now widely accepted as the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts!

This course focuses on Eukaryotic Cell Biology • Prokaryotic Cell Biology is also quite interesting! – Falls under the broad umbrella of “microbiology” – Some courses at Cornell: BioMI 1100, 2600, 2900

Why is it important to learn about cells? Curiosity • What are cells made of? • How do they function? • How do new cells arise from preexisting cells? • How can we grow from a single cell to an animal with 200 different cell types?

All diseases result from altered cell function

Hereditary diseases

Environmental diseases

Pathogenic diseases

What is the molecular composition of cells?

What is the internal organization of cells?

How are cells propagated?

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Cell proliferation Cell differentiation Cell signaling Cell adhesion Cell migration Cell growth Cell death Morphogenesis (generation of forms)

Using model organisms to study development

THINGS TO DO TODAY and TOMORROW

•

Explore the Canvas site for course info

•

Do the reading for Wednesday’s class. (This will take a few hours, I recommend doing it in several chunks!)

•

Contact us at [email protected] if you have questions

See you on Wednesday!

Lecture 1 Summary • • • • • • • • • •

All living things are made of cells This discovery was intimately associated with the development of light microscopy All cells arise from pre-existing cells All species are derived from variants of earlier species by selection of the fittest – The Theory of Evolution Life started about three billion years ago As a result of having a common ancestor, the DNA sequences in the genomes of all organisms are related The basic chemistry ('biochemistry') of all cells is similar The fundamental organization and processes that give cells the ability to grow and divide are similar This has important implications for studying cells: what you learn about one type of cell will likely be true in other cell types In this course, we give you an overview of the composition and function of cells, and how a single-cell embryo grows and changes to become a fully functional adult organism

We will now stay on 10-15 minutes for questions Please submit any questions via the “Q+A” You are free to go if you don’t have any questions!...