Lecture 1 - Introduction & Systems PDF

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Introduction slides to systems and system analysis...

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WELCOME TO TSM 477/577 RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT

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DESCRIPTION Risk Analysis and Management focuses on developing a safety-oriented pattern of thinking that is appropriate for today's complex systems. The tools that will be gained in this course will be helpful in recognizing, understanding, and analyzing hazards and risks in modern complex systems. 2

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OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Introduce a variety of hazard identification and risk

assessment methodologies in the systems level 2. Understanding the factors associated with

management of risks 3. Gain knowledge and experience in acquiring

information and data required for risk analysis 4. Understand Human Machine Interface factors associated with system safety 5. Introduce quantitative human reliability assessment tools 6. Develop capabilities to evaluate and assess unusual circumstances. 3

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CLASS DELIVERY FORMAT  Online, synchronous mode.  Class meetings are scheduled to Tuesday,

Thursday 9:30 – 10:45 am.  WebEx link for the class is available in Canvas. Click “Class meetings” and join.  Generally, on Tuesdays we will cover content; on Thursdays, based on the topic, the class will be dedicated for problem solving or Q&As. 5

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TYPE OF ASSIGNMENTS  Weekly quizzes  HW assignments  Class activities  Discussions  Term presentations (graduate students only)  Assignment will be announcement in

weekly “What’s up this week” messages

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LEARNING  Read chapters and other relevant material  Class meetings will build on top of material

presented in text  Hopefully, success with recording class meetings and posting link to them in Canvas  Schedule

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ACADEMIC WEEK Monday 12:00 AM to Sunday 11:59 PM

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COVID-19 POLICY

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CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT  Safety Emphasis  COVID-19 health and safety requirements  Academic Misconduct  Accessibility  Prep Week  Harassment and Discrimination  ABE Code of Classroom Conduct 10

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QUESTIONS

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L1.1 INTRODUCTION TO

RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT TSM 477/577 12

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INTRODUCTION  Risk Analysis and Management is an

enhanced learning module of systems safety  System Safety is a discipline that approaches safety of systems by designing them for safety (DFS)  Safety problem are anticipated, and the risks

associated with them are managed

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INTRODUCTION  Risk is managed by…  identifying hazards  Eliminating the hazards, or  Implementing countermeasures to reduce

the risk associated with the hazards

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Hierarchy of Controls

https://tapintosafety.com.au/workplace-hazards-and-the-hierarchy-of-controls/

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INTRODUCTION  “System safety is the process of managing

the…  system  Personnel  environmental, and health mishap  risks encountered in the design development, test, production, use, and disposal of systems, subsystems, equipment, materials, and facilities. (Text, p. 4)

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INTRODUCTION  The goal of system safety is to ensure fully

detection of hazards possible  protective measures early enough in system development to avoid design changes late in the program  A safe design is a prerequisite for safe

operations (Text, p. 5)

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Terminology: SSP - System Safety Process SSPP - System safety program plan SSRs - System Safety Requirements HARs - Hazard Action Records HTS – Hazard Tracking System

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CLOSED LOOP HAZARD CONTROL PROCESS

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INTRODUCTION

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DEFINITIONS

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HAZARD A real or potential condition that could lead to an unplanned event or series of events (i.e. mishap) resulting in death, injury, occupational illness, damage to or loss of equipment or property, or damage to the environment.

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MISHAP An event or series of events resulting in unintentional death, injury, occupational illness, damage to or loss of equipment or property, or damage to the environment. The term “mishap” includes negative environmental impacts from planned events.

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Risk: A combination of the severity of the mishap and the probability that the mishap will occur. Probability: An expression of the likelihood of occurrence of a mishap. Severity: The magnitude of potential consequences of a mishap to include: death, injury, occupational illness, damage to or loss of equipment or property, damage to the environment, or monetary loss.

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RISK LEVEL The characterization of risk as either High, Serious, Medium, or Low. Safety-critical: A term applied to a condition, event, operation, process, or item whose mishap severity consequence is either Catastrophic or Critical.

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SAFETY-CRITICAL FUNCTION (SCF): A function whose failure to operate or incorrect operation will directly result in a mishap of either Catastrophic or Critical severity.

SAFETY-CRITICAL ITEM (SCI) A hardware or software item that has been determined through analysis to potentially contribute to a hazard with Catastrophic or Critical mishap potential, or that may be implemented to mitigate a hazard with Catastrophic or Critical mishap potential. 26

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SAFETY RELATED A term applied to a condition, event, operation, process, or item whose mishap severity consequence is either Marginal or Negligible.

SAFETY-SIGNIFICANT A term applied to a condition, event, operation, process, or item that is identified as either safety-critical or safety-related.

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SYSTEM The organization of hardware, software, material, facilities, personnel, data, and services needed to perform a designated function within a stated environment with specified results.

SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS (SOS) A set or arrangement of interdependent systems that are related or connected to provide a given capability.

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SYSTEM SAFETY The application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to achieve acceptable risk within the constraints of operational effectiveness and suitability, time, and cost throughout all phases of the system life-cycle.

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SYSTEM SAFETY ENGINEERING An engineering discipline that employs specialized knowledge and skills in applying scientific and engineering principles, criteria, and techniques to identify hazards and then to eliminate the hazards or reduce the associated risks risks when the hazards cannot be eliminated.

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SYSTEM SAFETY MANAGEMENT All plans and actions taken to…  identify hazards;  assess and mitigate associated risks; and  track, control, accept, and document risks encountered in the design, development, test, acquisition, use, and disposal of systems, subsystems, equipment, and infrastructure.

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MAJOR INDUSTRIES THAT ARE PRACTICING RISK MANAGEMENT  Nuclear industry  Process Industry  Medical, and Medical related engineering industries  Department of Defense  Department of Transportation  Space Industry  Aviation

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WHAT IS COMMON TO THIS INDUSTRIES? Promulgation of regulations Extremely sever consequence component Complex systems

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PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE COMMON FEATURES Common Features

Problem

High public sensitivity Reputation in jeopardize Energy intense Severe loss in a case industry of a failure Complex systems Intricate failure modeling 34

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SO WHAT IS SYSTEM SAFETY? (1) Managerial efforts to control risks by applying… (2) analytical approach (3) to assess these risks

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THE ADVANTAGE The advantage of risk analysis on other conventional traditional industrial safety program, is the “looking-forward” approach that considers the hazards that will be encountered during the entire Life Cycle of the business/operation/product

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THE ADVANTAGE (CNTD.) Traditional safety approach

Dealing with hazards that Are inherent in the systems

System Safety

Removing the Hazards from The system or reducing the risk associate with the hazards

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Introduction End.

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LECTURE 1.2

SYSTEMS TSM 477/577 40

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SYSTEM A combination of equipment, material, tools, personnel, facilities, and elements that are used together in order to accomplish the system’s intent or objectives. System is most often a combination of subsystems that are interconnected to accomplish the intent of the system.

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SUBSYSTEM(S)  Subsystem that can include all the elements of a

system.  The subsystem has objectives that once accomplished are serving the functionality of the system. Imagine a car as a system…  It is composed of subsystems such as the fuel subsystem, electrical subsystem, cooling subsystem, etc.  Each of these subsystems has different objectives that once accomplished, allow the system (or System of Systems)to accomplish its objectives.

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LIFE CYCLE – A CORE CONCEPT IN SYSTEM SAFETY Concept definition

Development and test

Disposal

Operation

Production

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CONCEPT DEFINITION  Identifying candidate concepts  Developing decision criteria  Identify hazardous components and functions

to consider  Qualitative assessments  Qualitative assessments  Comparisons against a set of decision

criteria  Identifying the best alternative 44

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DEVELOPMENT AND TEST Stages:  Preliminary design  Identification of relevant standards  Establishment of specifications

 Detailed design  Testing system to verify intent outcome

accomplished

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PRODUCTION

Detailed design

Fabrication

Performance validation

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OPERATION  System is deployed  Safe system operation and support – primary

objectives  Concerns with human errors, equipment failure, evolving hazardous situation, changes in designs and with upgrades.

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DISPOSAL  The system comes into the end of its

operational stage  Phasing out  Decommissioning  Disassembling  Disposal  Recycling

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SYSTEM HIERARCHY  System: The system of interest (car)  Subsystem: interconnect smaller system (fuels

system)  Unit: major components of subsystem (fuel pump, fuel filter)  Assembly: major component of the Unit (electrical motor of a fuel pump and the pumping mechanism)  Component: of the assembly (rotor of electrical motor of fuel pump)  Part: Seal of pumping mechanism; bolts, etc. 49

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SYSTEM VIEWS: WHY?  System can be perceived from several views  Each of the views observe various aspects of

the system that may not be observed by other views  The various views frequently require different analysis approaches and techniques  Physical, functional, operational, software, environment, human, organizational.

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FOUR BASIC SYSTEM MODELS  Static: No input, simply deliver output - Clock  Dynamic: Provide output directly based on input

– no awareness or judgement call – Computer monitor  Homeostatic: Some element of judgement, where the system assesses conditions and adjust the output – AC thermostat  Cybernetic: consists of internal control device with adaptive component(s), which can sense its environment, compare to standards, judge whether requirements need changing, measures it output and adapt accordingly including implement adjustment to input and output – Require significant system safety analysis tools 51

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Hierarchy of Controls

https://tapintosafety.com.au/workplace-hazards-and-the-hierarchy-of-controls/

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ENGINEERING CONTROL: SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM

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https://youtu.be/W2YUNnfATBY

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QUESTIONS?

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