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BISM1201 Transforming Business with Information Systems Lecture 1

Week 1 – 25th February 2019

CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

TransformingBusinesswithIS– Lecture1

• StaffDetails – Dr.PeterClutterbuck(CourseCoordinator/Lecturer) • Office:ColinClarkeBuildingRoom426 • Email:CourseemailaddresstobeadvisedbyBlackboard • ConsultationTime:WillbeadvisedbyBlackboard

– AssociateLecturer:Shahrzad Roohy Gohar • OfficedetailsandconsultationtimesonBlackboard • Shahrzadwilldeliverthelecturesinteachingweeks2,3and4

 ECP (ElectronicCourseProfile)– veryimportant!  Blackboard(learn.uq.edu.au)  Lecturesandtutorials 2 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

TransformingBusinesswithIS– somestudyadvice! •

Youshouldviewthiscourseascommencing / consolidatingyourdegree (hopefullya goodGPA)

•

Semester12018– approximately950students – 9%ofstudentsattaineda7(>=85%ofoverallmarks). – 17%ofstudentsattaineda7(>=75%ofoverallmarks). – 10%ofstudentsfailed(attainedagradeof2,or1). – Excelisthedeterminantof6and7grades!

•

Dothereadings (NOSETTEXT)andwatchthevideos,cometothelectures (or viewthemviaBlackboard– availableallsemester)– makeyournotes ‐ preparefor andgotothetutorials

•

Usetheteachingmaterials(allonBlackboard– lecturesviaEcho)– usetheteaching staff,i.e.discussyourquestionswiththeteachingstaff‐ concentrateonbuilding yourknowledge– notjust‘remembering’! 3 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

TransformingBusinesswithIS • Tutorials – Tutorials– startinginteachingweek2 – youmust joinatutorialviaSi‐ netregistration. – Tutorialswillcovertopicsfromtherelevantlectureandalsopractical workwithExcel – Tutorswillbeintroducingtheassignmentandformingstudentgroups – andregularlycheckingwithgroupsastohowtheyareprogressing – Astudentcannotsubmittheassignmentunlesshe/sheispartofa group OR hastheapprovalofthecoursecoordinator – MicrosoftExcelisusedintheassignmentforthiscourse(totaling30%). Excelwillalsobetestedinthetwoonlinequizzes(viaMCQ)andinfinal examShortAnswer 4 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

BISM1201– Week1 Thisweek’sreadings/viewings: • Excelvideos:Excel_Topic_1.mp4and Excel_Topic_2.mp4(onBlackboard) • Tutorial1description– (onBlackboard)

Learning objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Understandthe‘basics’ofIS– whyitisnotIT Appreciatethefundamentalvalueofdata,informationandknowledge Considerthequalities‘abstraction,systems‐thinking,collaboration’. Appreciatetheirimportancein21st centurybusinesslife. Discussandunderstandtwobusinessmodels. IntroduceRiskmanagement/riskassessment(RISK) AnintroductiontoExcel(mostoftenthe2nd partofthelecture) 5 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

21st CenturyEmployeeQualities/Skills? Develop‘amarketableskillandthecouragetouseit’Routineskillsandtextbookknowledgeareno longersufficient RANDCorporation1 suggestsmarketableskillsare: – Abilitytoadapttochangingtechnologyandshiftingdemands RobertReich2liststhefollowing: – Abstractreasoning– understand,analyse,construct/improveconceptual models/frameworks – Systemsthinking– understandthelinkages– inputs– processes– outputs– howthese relatetoeachother – Collaboration– positiveteamwork(notnecessarilyniceorpopular– developideaswith others).COLLABORATIONDOESNOTMEANJUSTDIVIDINGUPAJOB! – Abilitytoexperiment(risk‐taking,managingfearoffailure– createandtestpromising alternatives) – YouwillneedallthesequalitiesskillsincompletingtheBISM1201assignment. 1LynnAKaoly &Constantijn WAPanis 2004,The21stCenturyatWork,RANDCorporation,SantaMonica,CA,p.xiv. 2RobertBReich1991,TheWorkofNations,AlfredA.Knopf,NewYork,p.229.

Thiscourserequirestheseabilities– youneedtoknowwhattheyare– youneedtodevelopthem! ‘Havingthedata’isnolongerenough:WorldHealthandWealth Afterviewingthevideo,describetheabstraction,systemsthinking,collaboration,andexperimentation thatareevidentinitsproduction. 6 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

SomeintroductorycommentsrelatingIS

AnInformationSystem(IS)isthecombinationof: – – – –

Data Information Information Technology Knowledge Users/people/procedures

IS

Initially,weusedcomputerstostoreinformationandperformsimple transactions(e.g.,thebankingATM) Inmodernbusinesswestillwanttheseoriginalcapabilities– andmore!We arecontinuallylookingtotransformdatatoinformation – andthento knowledge.Weusetheterm‘businessintelligence’ Whatareexamplesofdata,information,andknowledge? 5.16

5.16+MaryJones=GPAJobProspects

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Business(thebigpicture)– afurtherexerciseinabstraction,systems thinking,modeling

1. This shows how competitive strategy ‘drives’ everything in business 2. We need to know (in overview) what each of the above major terms mean 3. We shall consider two of the above ‘models’ 8 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

Competitiveforcesandcompetitiveadvantage

• Competitivestrategy – Astatementthatidentifiesabusiness’sapproachto compete,goals,andplansandpoliciesrequiredtocarry outthosegoals • Strategicinformationsystem (SIS) – Providesacompetitiveadvantage byhelpingan organisation implementitsstrategicgoalsandincrease itsperformanceandproductivity • UseMichaelPorter’scompetitiveforcesmodel (aka‘the fiveforcesmodel’toanalyzeanorganization’s competitivenessandtodesigngeneralstrategies 9 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

MichaelPorter’sIndustryStructure/CompetitiveForcesModel

• As a model – it is based on abstraction and systems thinking. • We must understand it – and be able to use/apply it. • Lets consider the Australian supermarket sector (and one of its biggest players) – we shall work through the analysis in the lecture. • What is the overall goal in using this model – what is the ideal business? (according to the model) 10 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

Porter’sIndustryStructure/CompetitiveForces Model

Threats



High

Low

New marketentrants

Marketentryiseasy

Significantbarrier to enterthemarket

Suppliers (bargaining power)

Buyers(companies) havefewchoices

Buyers(companies) havemanychoices

Customers (bargainingpower)

Buyers(customers)have Buyers(customers) manychoices havefewchoices

Substitute products/services

Therearemany substitutes

Therearefew substitutes

(Established) competitors

Intense competition amongmanyfirms

Less intense competitionamong fewfirms

Now a video (GoCatch) to highlight Porter’s 5 Forces model AND an information system design project to operationalize taxi service tasks 11 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

MichaelPorter’sCompetitiveStrategy model •

Porter’sworkreallycomesdowntofourcompetitivestrategies: – CostLeader 1. Broadcostleadershipacrossindustry(mostefficient) 2. Narrowcostleadershipfocusedonparticularindustrysegment (mostefficient) – Differentiation 3. Broaddifferentiationacrossindustry(mosteffective) 4. Narrowdifferentiationfocusedonparticularindustrysegment(most effective)

•

Goals,objectives,culture,andactivitiesmustbeconsistentwithstrategy

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SomequestionsrelatingtoPorter’swork– illustrateMCQsinquizzes 1.Whichoneofthefollowingindustrieswouldbeanexampleofwherethe threatofnewentrantswouldbestrong? A) Lawn&gardenmaintenance C)Motorvehiclemanufacturing

B)Governmenttaxation D)Electricitygeneration

2.Whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeanexampleofwherethebargaining powerofcustomers isstrong? A) Petrolretailingoutlets C)Supplierstosupermarkets

B)Localcouncilplanningdepartment D)Foodoutletsatsportsstadiums

3. Consider the bargaining power of suppliers in Porter’s five forces model. The force of grain suppliers is weak in a surplus year. Explain why? 4.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOToneofPorter’scompetitivestrategies? A) Limiteddistributionofadifferentiatedproduct C)Acoststrategywithinanichemarket

B)globalizingdistribution D)beingacostleaderinan industry 13 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

RiskManagement– Mustbeafundamentalactivityinallprojects. • • •

VideoviaBlackboard – itisEXAMINABLE! Decisionsondealingwithidentifiedrisksaresometimesdifficult RiskManagementmustconsiderthesefactors: – Whichassetsareatrisk(i.e.identifyallassets– people,data,IT) – Towhatthreatsarethoseassetsexposed – Whatsafeguards/controls canbeusedtoprotecttheassets(acontrolis anythingthatreducesrisk)CONTROLSALWAYSCOMPRISEGOODPOLICY (FIRST),TECHICALENHANCEMENTS,EDUCATION/TRAINING – Whatistheresultingresidualrisklevel– canthebusinesslivewiththis residualriskormustweattempttocontroltheriskleveldownfurther? – RiskAssessment determineswhatshouldbedonetoreduce/mitigatethe risk

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Riskmanagement– thegoalistoreduce(mitigate)risk

• Riskmitigation(reduction) – Organizationtakesconcreteactionsagainstrisk – Implementcontrols anddeveloprecoveryplan (businesscontinuity) – Thereforewecansay(IS)securitycomprises (1)risk managementand (2)businesscontinuity – Threestrategiesforriskmitigation: 1.

Riskacceptance 

2.

Risklimitation 

3.

Acceptthepotentialrisk– nocontrols Reducetheriskviacontrols– an‘active’defencepolicy

Risktransference 

Movetherisktoathirdparty 15 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

Riskcontrols

• Defencemechanismstoprotect informationassets • Comprise(1)policy (usuallysetby management(2)education /training / awareness (3)technology

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Question– TOTESTYOURABILITYTOTHINKABSTRACTLYalongthelines ofwhatwehavejustdiscussed https://padletuq.padlet.org/peter_c/lecture_1 Youarethebusinessanalyst – considerthefollowingbriefscenario: McDonaldsfoodcorporation– whatstrategicadvantagedoyoumostfundamentallyassociateswith thiscorporation? CurrentsituationintheUS– morethan14300restaurants– thispreventsaddingmanymore restaurantstothenetworks. McDonald’schallenge – howtogrowitsbusinessintheUS (andeverywhereelse)?Whyisthis growthnecessary? McDonald’sanalystsbelievedthebestwaytogrowth:expandthemenu(andtheydid:85menuitems sevenyearsago,quicklyexpandedto121itemsonthemenu– analyzethisdecision(itdidnotwork)– whatdoyouthink? WhatwouldyoudowiththismenuifyouwerehiredtoanalyzetheMcDonald’ssystem? 17 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

RiskManagementExample

Inweeks5,6and7weintroduceISsystems development.Youareaprojectmember (youareabusinessanalyst)andyouare askedtoidentifyandmanageriskstothe project.Howwouldyouproceed? Youidentifytwoparticularprojectmemberswhoarebeing ‘head‐hunted’byanotherorganization– isthisarisk– ifso, howwouldyoumanagetherisk? Howwouldyouassessriskinrelationtothegroup assignment? 18 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

ISnowisacrossallbusinessfunctions •

Weeks2,3and4– ProcessModeling(BPMN)

•

Weeks5,6and7– InformationSystemsDevelopment(aBusinessAnalyst’sview)

•

Weeks8,9and10– Data,KnowledgeandBusinessIntelligence

•

Weeks11,12and13– eCommerce /eBusiness – Courserevision(week13)

•

Excelinallweeksofthesemester(perhapsnotweek13) –

Twoonlinequizzes(teachingweeks6and9)– lotsofdiscussionaboutthesequizzesover thecomingweeks

–

Group‐basedassignment(30%)– availableinteachingweek3,submittedinteaching week10

–

Finalexaminexamperiod Next – Excel work 19 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

ExcelIntroduction– Lecture1 TherearetwoMP4filesandoneExcelfileonBlackboardthatdirectlycover thematerialinthislecture. 1. Excel_Topic_1.mp4 2. Excel_Topic_2.mp4 3. Excel_Formatting_Workbook_Part_1.xlsx Itisessentialthatallstudentsworkthroughthesetwovideos (andthe associatedExcelfile).Youwillbecoveringworkonthesefilesinnext week’stutorial Inthissession,weshalllookatthefollowingExcelissues: • Cellreferencing – andintroduction(includingindividualcellsandcellranges. • Cellformatting – essentiallythetypeofdataenteredintoacell.Specifically text,numbers,anddates. • DatesinExcel – howrepresented– implications • Anintroductiontoformulas,operators,and(built‐in)functions – syntax, arguments,RETURNVALUE

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Lecture1‐ CellsandRanges(1) Uptonow,wehaveworkedwithentirecolumnsorrows,orasingleactivecell. Nowweshallworkwithseveralcells– orranges– simultaneously. Thisissueof rangeswillbecomeveryimportantoncewestartwritingExcelfunctions. Thestandardwaytorefertoarangeofcellsistolistthefirstcellintherange(e.g.A1)and thelastcellintherange(e.g.D1).ThereforethenotationA1:D1describesalinear, contiguousrange.Theword‘contiguous’meansnospacebetweenrangeelements.Note thecolonbetweentheA1andD1.ThisrangeA1:D1isshownbelowwithyellowfill. A

B

C

D

1 2 3 4

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Lecture1‐ CellsandRanges(2)

Wecanalsohaverectangularranges.Againwewouldusethefirstandlastcell intherangeseparatedbyacolon.ThereforethenotationA1:D3referstothe rectangleofcellsformedbythetoplefthandcellofA1andthebottomright handcellofD3.Thisrangeisshownwithyellowfillbelow.

A

B

C

D

1 2 3 4

Youshouldbecomeveryfamiliarwiththisrangenotation – itwillbeessentialwhen webeginworkingwithfunctions. Wecanalso‘name’individualcellsorrangesofcells.ThisintroducestheNameBox andNameManager (underFormulasontheribbon)concepts.Namingcellsletsother usersunderstandourworkbooksmorereadily.Weshallcover‘NamedRanges’ throughoutthiscourse. 22 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

Lecture1‐ Formatting Formattingmayrefertotheaestheticqualityofourworkbooks(thechoiceof fonts,colouring,overalldesign.Butherewearetalkingabouthowdatais representedandstoredinExcel. Primarilywearetalkingaboutdataastext,number,ordate.Textiseasy. Numbersarealsoquitestraight‐forward.WeshalldemonstrateinourExcel workfilesomeexamplesofdifferentnumericformats! Dates areespeciallyinteresting.AllExceldatesarerepresented‘underthehood’in Excelasthe‘numberofdayssince1/1/1900’.Itisthisdesignthatallowsustodothe processingondatesthatissoimportantinbusiness. WeshallworkthroughseveralexamplesinourExcelworkfile!

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Lecture1‐ IntroducingExcelFormulas,Operators,andFunctions(1) ThemainreasonforusingExcelistodisplayvaluescalculatedfromdata.These calculationsareperformedbyExcelformulas andbuilt‐infunctions.Theseformulasand built‐infunctionsofteninvolveoperations. Aformulaisanexpressionthatreturnsavalue.EveryExcelformulabeginswithanequal(=)sign.Ifwe omittheequal(=)sign,Excelwilltreattheentryastext. Aformulaiswrittenusingoperators. Themostcommonoperatorsarethefollowingarithmetic operators: Operation

Symbol

Example

Description

Addition

+

=A1+B1

Addsthecontentsofcells A1andB1

Subtraction

‐

=A1‐B1

SubtractscontentsofB1 fromA1

Multiplication

*

=A1*B1

MultipliescontentsofA1byB1

Division

/

=A1/B1

Dividesthe contentsofA1byB1

Exponentiation

^

=A1^3

RaisesA1to thepowerof3(A1cubed)

Aswellasformulasandoperators,Excelsupportstheuseof(built‐in)functions.Afunctionisanamed operationthatreturnsavalue.Functionsarecommonlyusedtosimplylongformulasintoacompact statement.Forexamplethelongformula=D1+D2+D3+D4+D5couldbesimplifiedbyusingthefunction =SUM(D1:D5).Weshallworkwithfunctionsmoreinthecomingweeks. 24 CRICOS Provider Number 00025B

Lecture1‐ IntroducingExcelFormulas,Operators,andFunctions(2) Ifaformulacontainsmorethanonearithmeticoperator,Excelusesanorderof precedence toperformthecalculation. Theorderofprecedenceisasetofpredefinedrulesusedtodeterminethesequenceinwhich operatorsareappliedinacalculation. Theorderofprecedencerulesareasfollows: • Whenparenthesesareused,thevalueinsidethemiscalculatedfirst.Withintheformula =(3+4)*5theadditioniscalculatedfirst,thentheresultismultipliedby5 • Startingwiththemostimportant,theoverallorderofprecedenceis:(1)parentheses,(2) exponentiation,(3)multiplicationanddivision,(4)additionandsubtraction. • Ifaformulacontainstwoormoreoperatorsinthesamelevelofprecedence,theoperatorsare appliedfromlefttoright.Intheformula=5*4/2,Exceldoesthemultiplicationfirst,thenthe divisioniscalculated. • Thefollowingexampleswillhelpdemonstratetheserules: Formula

ApplicationoftheOrderofPrecedence

Result

=10+20*2

20*2is calculatedfirst,andthen10isadded

50

=5*(4+6)

4+6iscalculatedfirst, andthenmultipliedby5

50

=5+4*3^2

3^2iscalculatedfirst,thenthemultiplication,thentheaddition

41

=5+(4‐2)*3

4‐2 iscalculatedfirst,thenmultipliedby3,andfinally5isaddedtothe result

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EndofLecture1

1. ReviewtheExcelmaterialinthetwoMP4filesBEFOREYOURFIRSTTUTORIAL

1. Pleaseensureyouareregisteredinatutorial.Preparewellforyourtutorialandmake sureyouattend 1. Excelisveryheavilyusedinallformsofbusiness.YoumustUSEEXCEL – itisnot somethingtoreadabout – youmustuseittomasterit.Excelisthebasisinthis courseforasignificantpartoftheassignmentandtheexams

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