Lecture 1 Review Bio C 3021 PDF

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Lecture 1 Review BioChemistry 3021 Robert Roon...

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Lecture 1 Review BioC 3021 1. What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic compounds? 2. What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in living organisms? 3. What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What combinations of atoms are involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? 4. What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic substances in the aqueous environment of living organisms? What are the properties of the ionic bonds that occur between inorganic ions or between organic ions? 5. What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen bonding? What is the importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? 6. What are two types of nonpolar bonds? Why do nonpolar molecules aggregate together in water? 7. What is pH and how does it relate to the molarity of hydrogen ion in solution? 8. What is a strong acid? What is the percent dissociation of a strong acid in water? When a strong acid is present in water, why are the molarity of the strong acid and the molarity of the hydrogen ion the same? 9. What is a weak acid, and why are weak acids not completely dissociated? Why are the molarity of the weak acid and the molarity of the hydrogen ion not the same? If a 0.1 M solution of a weak acid is 10% dissociated, what is the molarity of hydrogen ion? 10. What is a buffer solution? Why is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base needed to give good buffering? Why doesn’t a solution containing just a weak acid serve as a buffer? Why don’t strong acids serve as buffers? 11. Write the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. What are the definitions of pH, pKa and log A -/HA? Why do all weak acids give the same shaped titration curve? At what pH does a weak acid and conjugate base combination give the best buffering? If a weak acid has a pKa of 5 what is the pHwhen the weak acid is 10%, 50% and 90% titrated with NaOH? 12. If the pKa is 6 and the ratio of A-/HA is 1 what is the pH? If the pKa is 6 and the ratio of A-/HA is 10 what is the pH? If the pKa is 6 and the pH is 6 what is the ratio of A -/HA? If the pKa is 6 and the pH is 5 what is the ratio A -/HA?...