Lecture notes – The brainly and the medicine of different diseases PDF

Preview

Summary

Biology notes are useful for exams , they can be used for revision material and for exam preparation....

Description

Lecture notes – The brainly and the medicine of different diseases Diarrhea Diarrhea is a loose, watery, more frequent bowel movement, which is usually short-lived, lasting no more than a few days. Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in children. Other viruses causing diarrhea include Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus, and viral hepatitis. Moreover, various other factors like some bacteria, medications, lactogen intolerance, etc. can cause diarrhea. Signs and symptoms associated with diarrhea include loose, watery stool, abdominal cramps, and pain, fever, blood and mucus in the blood, etc. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which can be life-threatening if untreated. Some of the common preventive measures would be washing hands frequently, lathering hands with soap, maintaining healthy hygiene and sanitation. Rotavirus can be cured by administering available vaccines. For traveler’s diarrhea, it is up to the individual by being careful with what they eat and their hygiene. HIV/AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that weakens the immune system. If left untreated, HIV will eventually turn into AIDS within 8 to 10 years. It can spread through contact with blood, sexual contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy. Although the symptoms are less severe and phase-specific, most people develop a flu-like illness within two to four weeks of the virus entering into the body. Swollen lymph nodes are considered to be one of the first signs of HIV infection. As the virus progresses, persistent white spots or unusual lesions may be seen on the victim’s mouth. Having unprotected sex, using IV drugs are among the greatest risk factors leading to HIV infection. As HIV weakens the immune system, the body is projected to a number of infections such as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), candidiasis, tuberculosis, and many more. HIV doesn’t spread through ordinary contact such as hugging, kissing, or shaking hands. The virus doesn’t spread through air, water or insect bites. There are no vaccines for HIV and no cure for AIDS, but certain antibiotics can significantly slow down its progression. Examples of Non-communicable diseases Diabetes

Diabetes is a non-communicable chronic condition where the glucose level or sugar level of the blood is higher than normal. Diabetes is of two types; Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s immunity system destroys the body’s own healthy cells like the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, mistaking them for foreign invaders. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to use the produced insulin effectively, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels. Symptoms of diabetes are not apparent and usually appear gradually over a period of time. By the time the symptoms appear, complications might be seen in the disease. Diabetes is mostly seen in older men and is associated with unhealthy dietary habits. Diabetes might even be heredity where it might transfer from one generation to another. There is no cure for the disease, but medications are available that control the complications of the disease. Cancer Cancer is a non-communicable disease that consists of a number of diseases caused due to uncontrolled division of cells with the potential of spreading to different parts of the body. The most common causes of cancer are tobacco use, obesity, poor diet, lack of physical exercise, and intake of alcohol. Some cancer might even be caused due to the genetic condition of the patient. Symptoms like a lump, abnormal bleeding, rapid weight loss, and prolonged cough might appear in many cancers. These symptoms might even have other causes. The most important diagnostic test for cancer is the biopsy, where a part of the tissue is examined for the detection of cancerous cells. As in the case of most chronic diseases, maintaining a proper diet with regular exercise can be employed as preventive measures for cancer....