Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL iBT Test SB -2nd Edition (Ebook) PDF

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:.• , . , •• LONlcMV','\; .•..~t-~~.; . •• Prepai~tié?n.Couf'se •• f6r ~the •• -TOE.FIL) Test . •• •• • •• l.,• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• DEBORAH PHILLIPS .. ... . -. - '. '.- ..~.-; .. -:'.,"Íl,.':.~:..¡~'¡'-;'-::":', • -' .:', :;. ~,.,-....

Description

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LONlcMV','\; .•..~t-~~.; . Prepai~tié?n.Couf'se f6r ~the -TOE.FIL) Test . •

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HOWTO VIEWYOUR$TUDEN'1'S' DATAON THE WEBSITE

HOWTO SENDYOURDATA FROM THE CD-ROM

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clara on

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Ednn. Ferber SKLLL2

2

'3

VOCAJ3ULARYAND REFERENCE

23

26

SIMPUFY MEANTNGS OF SENTENCES Reading

Exel'cise ,3

26

28

Cllm()ufll1i.~c 28 PostMitarJ Note..

UNDERSTAND THE GIST 125 Listening Exercise 1 128 An Engil1eerin{!. Coutse 128 The Grnrle Re]JOr! ' 128 Lakes 129 Me.lcorology 1,29 ) , . UNDERSTAND THE DETAIl.S 130 Listcning Excl-cisc 2 /' 133 A Parking Sticker 133 A Drama Class 134 Early 1eac1wrs 13J lron Pyrite. 136 Lislcning Rev.iew Exe,"cise (Skills 1-2) I1n Anthro]JOlogy P"aper 137

PRilGMA1'IC SKILL 3

SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATJON Rcading Exen.:isc 9 94 lsland J'lant Ufe 94 Ben and Jcrry 95 rile Bald J.inglc 96

UNDERSTAN))ING

UNDERSTAN)) THE FUNCT.lON Listcning Exercise 3 143

il'l /irt

97

COMPLETE SCHEM/ITJC TABLES Rcading EXél'cise 10 101 101 C01meclion

CarnivorollS Planls William Faulkncr

Venus SKJLL 4

103 104

98

'43 144

145

1"16

HOlIses

.The Fut;io C()in

156

.156

Lislcning Rcvicw Excn.:ise (Skills 1-4) J:Iibernatiol1

148

1 S4

Hail 155 Listening Excrcise (SkiJls 3-4) 102

139

UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKER;S STANCE Listening Excrcise 4 152 C()f.Ir,w~ Load 152 A Questiol7l7airc 1S3 h-oqllois

137.

139

1'he Trrl/7script . Tite. Oposswn

91

119

123

71u; LilJ,.m)'

SKILL 9

118

A Pro1Jlem with a Clas.'> .Sleep 121

70

87

112

SECTION TWO: LISTENING

91

Sand Vuncs A Surprising

Sclwo['i

BASIC COMI,'REHENSION

70

1'0 I:.EAJÜ',j

CONTENTS

i

66

MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS Rt~ading Exc,"cise 7 72 1iger.Mollls 72 l1/e Ct/11'lbrian Explosiol1 73 Th~ Gold(m Ag(~uf Comics 74 171e Filibusler 75

Modemisl11

iv

I

62

1

READING

SKILL 10

j

63

Reading Rcvicw Excrcise (Skills 1-6) earetalea Spcech 66 INFERENCES

1

107 f.

111 Aqualic

UNDERSTAND NEGAT.TVE FACTS 56 Rcading Excrcisc 6 59 . F1atfish 59 LirrJestone Cl/ves 60 'Wrigley: ••.Clzewing Gum 61 Dissociat(ve Idel1tity lJisorder Reading Exercise (Ski lIs 5-6) 63 101m MU.ir

105

105

158

158 CONTENT5

v

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CONNECTING SKlLL 5

INFORMATION

SKTLL 2

160

UNDERSTAND TRE.ORGANIZATION Lislening Excl-cisc 5 164 Tmpism Possl1s

YourJob

F,-actures

166

Government

167

Paper

SKTLL 3

170

Coni{ers 171 Presenta/ion 172 Lislcning :Exerc.ise (Ski lis 5-6) 111(~Outcr 13al1ks 173 .

I 173

1

. J.,.isl:cnjng Rev.iE.'\IJ EXf.'n~i.;:('_(Skill~l-lÍ) Lea{ Arrangeme.l"lfs 175

USTENING

POST-TEST

SPEAKING

St~uly ATon€! 01' wilh

Play 01' Walch Sporls

DIAGNOSTIC

II

178 180

SECTION THREE: SPEAKING PRE-TEST

184

Rcgistcring for Cltlsses 186 .Nol1verbal ComlnunictJlion 187 A Problem. in Frcnch e/ass 188 EcholocatioH 188

I

I

I

SPEAKING SPEAKING

OVERVIEW SKIU.S

INDEPENDENT SKIU.1

I i ,

.1

TASKS

PLAN THE FREE-CHOlCE RESPONSE Spcaking Excrcisc 1 193

!,

192

Your Fn.vrwUe Holiday

¡ I

Ten Millio'1 Dollars

194

Your J)reom Hbtlse Yémr Fallarife. ,Fnnd

194 .Parcmt

203

204

NOTE THE MATN POlNTS AS YOlJ READ Speaking Excrcisc 5 205 (111

Campus

204

205 205 206

1'1-11'. MMN l'OTNTS AS YOU LlST1,.N Speaking Exc."cise 6 208 Bicycle Parking (m Campus. 208 A Pmfessor's Retiremeni 208 Par! of a C/(I ...•s Syllalms 209

SKI LL 7

Pl.AN BEFORE YOU SPEAK Spcaking EXCldse 7

SKlLL 8

MAKE THF. RF.SPONSE 212 Speaking Excrcisc 8 213 Spcaking Rcview Excrcisc (Skills 5-8) l1istory Syll(lbus 213

206

\

194

195

195

195 Vl1zerc You Will Tnkp. Ihp. TOEFI .• lest 11-lePerson

AN)) LTSTENING)

NOTE

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194

Characteristics o{a Good Wh(~reYou Want lO Live

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TASJ{S (READING

SKILL 6

193

Which Pcrson Helped the Most

203

203

A Pmfc.~_\'or's Retiremenl Pan of (.J CICLo;s Syllabus

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193 ,

202

203

Oheying Parcnts JNTEGRATED

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7.01 201

203

Decision Moking

.~ 192

/.00

Ji.Jkin~ Chal1ce.o;!or Playing Jt SaJé Ca.re.cr Choiees" 203

Bicycle Parking

192

P,-if'.l'1r/" ~Ol

MAKE THE PAffiED-CHOICE J 199 Dil1rzer al Home o,. Dinnet Out 199 Marriage Befare 01" After Agp. Thirly 199 Pre(en.ed l)'pe of.Exa11ls 200 Trip by Plane 01' 1rnin 200 Big Cily 01' Smalllbwn 200

175

177

11te Music Projccl The Greal Lakcs

197

Your Favori1f~ Day

UNDERSTAND RELATJONSHTPS 168 List'cning Exe¡'cise 6 170 A Placemenl 7i~st 170

A 1enn

197

Driver Age 197 Studenl Excuses

16'1 165

Clarencc Darrow SKJLL 6

160

MAKE THE FREE-CHOTCJ~ RESPONSE .l96 Spcnking ExeJ'cisc 2 197 Speaking Rcvic\V Exercjse (SkiUs 1-2) 197

You U'al1t to Meel .

209 211 .

213

195

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-1 CONTENT5

CONTENTS

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SKlLL

9

NOTE THE MAlN POJNTS AS YOU READ Speaking Exercise 9 215 The Delld Sea 215 Polling 215 Thr. l'o/YI1f'sinn Migration

SKIL!. JO

•• •• •• •• •.•, •• •• •• •• •• •• •• • I

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PLAN BEFORE YOU SPEAK, Speaking Exercise 11

SKILL J2

MAKE THE RESPONSE

216

SKIL!.13

SK1LL 14

SKJLL J5

Sl

MINI-TEST 4

319

329

\Vr.iling

REVIEW GRAMMAR 292 Wli1.ing Excrcisc 15 293 U1'Iiversity G.lld T/igh Schoal Sludies 293 'Afri'tingRcvicw Excrcise (Skills 9-15) 293 Emotions 293

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314

Assi!;l1mcnt Cross-Datil1g 321

Rcading

281

SKl.LL 15

'1

Order

Library Rules

REVmW SENTENCE STRUCTURE WIiting Excrcise 14 291 Tcam Sports 29;

~ ~

Wlitin~

lJiston"cal Event

,-

SKILL 14

li

Getting Up Barly 324 Leadership Role-\" 324 Meeting 011 Exam Schedule

Spcaking

SK]LL 12. CONNECT THE SUPI'ORTJNG PARAGRAPHS \tVdti'ilg Excl-ci~~ 12 ?85 I

Speaking

MINI-TEST 3

276

277

WKJTJ:: UNrl'"JEU SUPPOKHNG PARAGRApHS \VrilÜlg Excrcisc 11 283

11

Con{used

275

275

Chamcteristics o{ a Good Teaeher l1asle Makes Waste 276 1..earn;'1g a New Langt./agc 276 The TOEFL 1esl 276 SKlLL 10

Birlh

Jjstcning

274

A Famous Place lo Visit 274 Actio1'L\. 01" Words 275 YQursel(1oday and Five rear ...•• Ago 1eam or htdividuaJ Sports 275

I

313

Reading

Writing

378 383 \ 385

388 F()rmation o( the Solar System Rescheduletl Speaker 389 Visilar.\' to Yaur

COUl1try

388

391

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CONTENT5

xi

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I

MINI-TEST

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7

Rearling

Piafe Jectonics

I..islcning

Group Project The Tru,mpet

Speaking

Studying English D£scussion Class NIMBY 405

Writing

•

MINI-TEST 8

..l.. I~I

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I.istcning

,",

404 404

Limners

Lislcning

General Studies

415

Writing

417

COMPLETE TEST 1

"¡

Violence in Movies

Speaking

StL/dent Newspaper lhe Greal Salt Lalee

DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT, AND SCORING Overall Scores 553 I Rcading Diagnosis and Sc6ling Listening Diagnosis and S'coring Speaking Assessment and Scoring Wl"iting Assessrn.enl and SCOling

441 443

445

Dream Job

Venus

ANSWER KEY

455 456

t

514

551

554 558 562 573

580

647

457 43tl

458

460

Family Tradilions Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3

RECORDING SCRIPT

455

Mercantilism

COMPLETE TEST 2

Cohe!:iion 499 Sentcncc Structure 507 ElTor Corrcction (Grammar)

42;5

Creal Ape Communicalion Dreaded Science Class

Writing

495

Socia! Promotiolt 497 Good Leader 498

499

APPENDIXA APPENDIXB APPENDIXC

Group Paper Spring Show

.Ii!,

493

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APPENDIXES

Exam Grade 448 Hawaii 450 Three-Mile lsland 452

:i

492

ln.lo1'1ships

4)1

423

425

Kleenex

:¡

489

492

420

Reading 1 Prehistoric Astrmwnle.rs 426 Reading 2 Trunu:m flnd thf'. nai!rn(J(/s" 431 Reading 3 lvlathernaticalBases 435 Listening

Favorite Movie

420

Ou(u;;tinniI1E thp. Prn{p.ragl':nal.ic Undcn,tanciing ,Connect"ing lnformation

I.he Wl'iting

571-572 and page 579 .

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COMl'LETE THIS .oN TIlE CI>-ROM

lNTRODUCTION

xxi

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SPEAKING

WRITJNG

S. Use lhe Mini-Tests and Complete Te~L" on the CD-H..OM pcriodically t.hmughout the coursc to determine how well you have lcamcd lo app'ly the languagc skiUs and lcst-taking sU"ategies presented in the coursc. The eD-ROM includcs eight Mini-Tests and tW{) C~mplete Tesis.

..: ci'MI'LETE.;rHIS ON ~'HE CD-ROM.

A.Fl'ERTHIS INTHEBOÓK

lndcpendcnt Tasks Jntcg¡-ated Tasks (Rcauillg e, the COl1:cct anSWC1~;lIId the Explain Answcr button. You may cliek on the Explain Answer button to see an ciplanation. d. Return to thc Results Report for a parliculmo'lcsl: whenevcl" you would likc by enteting ¡.hrough the Results blltlon OTl lhe Main Menu. YOll dn rin!: need to review a test section immcdia1cly huI. Jllay jnsteacl wail to revicw. tl.e test section.

2. vVOI.kslowJy and carehdly lhl"ough the Reading and Listening Skills Practice exerdsc$. Thesc cxel'cises are not timecJ but are instcad designed to be done in a methodkal and thought fuI way. a. Answcl" a qucst.ion on lhe eD-ROM using the sk-ills and sl.1'al:egies that. yo1.lhnve learned in thc book. b. Use the Check AI1S'wcr butlon 1'0determine whcther the rmswcl' to that"qlle~tion is con:cct 01' incorrcct. c. Jf YOllY" allswcr js incorrect,

reconsider

the ql.lestion, and choosc a differcnt

an$WCl'.

d. Use the Clu~cI,ilrzs\,ver bllttun to check yom' ncw response. e, When )'Oll are sa1i~fied that you have figured out. as much as you can on yomo own, use I.hc Jixplain Answer btltlon to'see an cxpl~mation. r. Then ll'Iove. on to l.he next queslion, and repcat this r)l-ocess. 3. WOI'k slowly and car-cflllly through lhc Speaking and \-\'r'iting SkiJh; Practice cxercisc!'>. These cxcrcises are no1. timed but :,\1'(: instead dcsiglled to be done in a methodical and thoughtful \Vay.

a. Complete.1 Speaking 01' Writ ing lask u~ing the sk.ill::;antl su'ategics that you llave lCnJ11Cd in thc book. 1"ake good notes as YOLlwork on a task. b. Play back )'01.11"spoken '-CSPOIlSCin Spcaking 01- rcvicw your wrjt.ten response .in \lVriting. c. Use the Sal71ple Notes

button

to compare

your notes to the samplc notes provided

CD-HOM. el. Use the Sample. Answer 'bul.tOÚ to sce an exarnplc of a good answer and'to'comparc

on the o

yOUl

"C~POJ1:;C 1.0 l.his :1ns ••. >Jel:

c. Complete

the Slc.ill-Assessmclll

Checklist

1n evaluate

how wel1 y'oú cnrnpleted

9. Aftel' Y0l! complete u Spcaking 01' Wdting tc~,~'section.- do the foJJowing: a. Complt:tc the Ski/l-Assessl71.el1.t Checklisi as dirccted. (You must complete the SkillAssessmcl1t Checklist to l'cccive an eslimal.cd score.) b. Play back your spokcn rcsponse in Speaking or rcview youJ" wlitten response in Writing. c. Use the Sample Notes bl1tton 1.0compare you •.notes to ¡hc s:1l11plenotes providcd on the CD-ROM, d. Use 1he Sample ill1swer butt.omeideas to cOflsider as YOUdecide how to inC01l'0l'ate t.he CD-ROM into your COUI"SC: • The CD-ROM is clo!'>clycoordinntcd with the book and i's intended to provide fUl"lher practice of the ski lis and ~1.rategies th~t ~re prescnted in the hook. This Jlleans that the overall organization of the CD-ROM pan.lIJels the ol'ganization of thc book but Ihat the cxcl-cisc malcrial ancl tes~ items on lhe CD-ROM are diffcrent n-om those found in the book. lt can thl1s be quite effeclivc 1.0teach and practice the language skills and strategies in the book aIld then use the eD-R.OM tOI" lw'tilc,' pract.icc ami assigprncn1s . • The CD-ROM can be used in a compllter lab during cla:ss time (,if you are lucky cnough to have accc~s 1,0a computer lab dUl"jng Ch.\SStimc), hui. ii. does nf)t nced lo be uscd in this way. H can also be quite effeclive 1.0use lhe book during c1ass time ~nd to make assignments [1'om the CD~ROM for the sludcnts 1.0complete olttside.of c1ass, either in thc sehool compute,' lab 01' on lheir personal computers. Eithel' method works qüil,e \Vd!.

HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THE TESTS IN THE BOOK

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Thcrc are fow' difierent types of tests in this book: DiagnQstic Pr-e-Testogc to on~wcr thc qlJcstions that fotlow. Aggression

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Aggressive behavior is any behavior that 1$¡ntended to cause injury, pain, su1fering, damo.ge, or destruction. While aggressive behavior is often tll0ught 01 as purp.ly ~hy~j(";al, verbal attaeks such as screaming and shouting or b.eH~tJh;g:a¡l(fh~i[r~@~Lrig£oh:J~ní~~tc~ aimed al causing harm and suffering can also be a type 01 aggression. What is key to the definition 01 aggression is tllat whenever harm is ¡nnietad, be it physical or verbal, it is [i]ie0ti9Ilal Questions about the causes of aggression llave long been of concern to both social and biological scientists. ¡theorles-about 'thet causes 61 agg-ression cover a broadspectrum";""~r19ing frórn -tl10se w¡th"'b19IQgiga! 9..r.:lf1s!ln....