LTE/SAE System Overview LTE/SAE System Overview STUDENT BOOK LZT 123 8828 R3A PDF

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LTE/SAE System Overview LTE/SAE System Overview STUDENT BOOK LZT 123 8828 R3A LZT 123 8828 R3A © Ericsson 2009 -1- LTE/SAE System Overview DISCLAIMER This book is a training document and contains simplifications. Therefore, it must not be considered as a specification of the system. The contents of ...

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LTE/SAE System Overview

LTE/SAE System Overview

STUDENT BOOK LZT 123 8828 R3A

LZT 123 8828 R3A

© Ericsson 2009

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LTE/SAE System Overview

DISCLAIMER This book is a training document and contains simplifications. Therefore, it must not be considered as a specification of the system. The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to ongoing progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson assumes no legal responsibility for any error or damage resulting from the usage of this document. This document is not intended to replace the technical documentation that was shipped with your system. Always refer to that technical documentation during operation and maintenance.

© Ericsson 2009

This document was produced by Ericsson. •

It is used for training purposes only and may not be copied or reproduced in any manner without the express written consent of Ericsson.

This Student Book, LZT 123 8828, R3A supports course number LZU 108 7020 .

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LTE/SAE System Overview

Table of Contents 1

LTE/SAE INTRODUCTION ...........................................................7

BJECTIVES:...................................................................................................... 7

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................9 OVERALL EVOLVED PACKET SYSTEM (EPS) ARCHITECTURE............... 18

LTE RADIO INTERFACE .....................................................................21 QOS HANDLING............................................................................................. 25

2

EPC ARCHITECTURE ................................................................29

OBJECTIVES:................................................................................................. 29 EPC ARCHITECTURE.................................................................................... 31 OVERVIEW SAE/LTE INTERFACES ............................................................. 38 EPS FUNCTIONALITY ................................................................................... 44

IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM (IMS) ..................................................49 IMS ARCHITECTURE ..........................................................................51 DATABASE ELEMENTS................................................................................. 52 IMS CONTROL ELEMENTS........................................................................... 52 CONTROL PLANE INTERWORKING ELEMENTS ........................................ 55 IMS WITH LTE/SAE........................................................................................ 56 LTE TRAFFIC CASES .................................................................................... 68 CONNECTION SETUP ................................................................................... 68

3

RADIO INTERFACE ....................................................................85

OBJECTIVES:................................................................................................. 85

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................87 ENB FUNCTIONALITY ................................................................................... 87 RADIO INTERFACE STRUCTURE ................................................................ 89 NON-ACCESS STRATUM (NAS) ................................................................... 91 RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL (RRC).......................................................... 92 PACKET DATA CONVERGENCE PROTOCOL (PDCP) ............................... 94 RADIO LINK CONTROL (RLC)....................................................................... 94 MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (MAC)............................................................ 96

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CHANNEL STRUCTURE................................................................................ 97 LOGICAL CHANNELS .................................................................................... 98 TRANSPORT CHANNELS ............................................................................. 99 PHYSICAL CHANNELS................................................................................ 100

TIME-DOMAIN STRUCTURE ............................................................101 DOWNLINK TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE .....................................103 DOWNLINK REFERENCE SIGNALS ........................................................... 107 SYSTEM INFORMATION ............................................................................. 109

UPLINK RADIO ACCESS.................................................................. 111 THE UPLINK PHYSICAL RESOURCE ......................................................... 111

MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT (MIMO)............................... 116 4

O&M AND RBS HARDWARE ...................................................123

OBJECTIVES:............................................................................................... 123

LTE RBS HARDWARE ......................................................................125 HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE .................................................................... 125 THE RBS 6102.............................................................................................. 127 RADIO UNIT ARCHITECTURE .................................................................... 128 RADIO UNIT FOR LTE ................................................................................. 128 DIGITAL UNIT FOR LTE............................................................................... 128 CONFIGURATIONS...................................................................................... 131 O&M 132 IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLE, MAIN-REMOTE RBS ................................ 133

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (O&M).......................................134 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 134

OSS 137 OSS-RC .............................................................................................138 SITE ON AIR ......................................................................................142 PLANNING PHASE....................................................................................... 142 DEPLOYMENT / INSTALLATION PHASE.................................................... 144 VALIDATION / ACCEPTANCE TEST PHASE.............................................. 145

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SELF ORGANIZING NETWORK (SON)............................................146 NEIGHBOUR CELL OPTIMIZATION............................................................ 147

POOL MANAGEMENT ......................................................................149 LTE RBS KEY O&M FEATURES.......................................................150 RBS ELEMENT MANAGER.......................................................................... 150 FAULT CORRELATION RULE ENGINE ...................................................... 150 PLUG AND PLAY OF HARDWARE.............................................................. 152 CO-SITING O&M SUPPORT ........................................................................ 152 AUTOMATED PROVISIONING OF RBS ...................................................... 153 AUTOMATED NEIGHBOUR RELATIONS ................................................... 160 RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT........................................................... 163 DIRECT READING OF KPI:S ....................................................................... 163 COMMON EXPLORER (OSS-RC) ............................................................... 164 SEAMLESS OPERATION............................................................................. 164 INTEGRATION TO OTHER SYSTEMS ........................................................ 164 SHARED NETWORK SUPPORT ................................................................. 165 MULTI-VENDOR RAN .................................................................................. 165

CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ..................................................166 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ....................................................169 STATISTICS ................................................................................................. 169 TRACES........................................................................................................ 169

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT............................................................170 O&M ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................171 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 171 RBS 171 RBS SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE ............................................................ 172 DATA STORAGE AND PROCESSING CAPACITY...................................... 174 NETWORK ELEMENT MANAGEMENT (NEM)............................................ 174

TRANSMISSION AND CONNECTION ..............................................176 5

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ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................177

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1 LTE/SAE Introduction

1 LTE/SAE Introduction

OBJECTIVES:

On completion of this chapter the students will be able to: ƒ Explain the background and architecture of EUTRAN and EPC –Describe the evolution of cellular networks –Summarize the evolution of 3GPP releases, from release 99 to release 8 –Explain the logical architecture of EPS (E-UTRAN and EPC) –Give an overview of the QoS framework

Figure 1-1. Objectives.

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1 LTE/SAE Introduction

INTRODUCTION This course describes the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) for third generation cellular networks as in Release 8 of 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project). The focus is on the system from a Mobile Broadband (MBB) service point of view. Voice service is briefly discussed in the IMS chapter. The term “generation” regarding cellular network evolution is sometimes misleading and not always accurate. However, many people often refer to “2G”, “3G” or even “4G” when it comes to the different generations of the mobile telecommunications systems. The following historical overview is based on conventional and informal terms in the mobile industry, media and press. First generation (1G) of modern cellular networks includes e.g. NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) and TACS (Total Access Communication System). These systems all have in common that the user traffic, which is voice, is transmitted with analogue FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) radio techniques. NMT was developed during the seventies and launched 1981. Second generation (2G) includes systems like GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), D-AMPS (Dual-mode AMPS), PDC (Personal Digital Communications) and IS-95. The new thing with these systems was that they supported both voice and data traffic with digital TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) circuit switched radio techniques. GSM standardization started in 1982 and it was launched 1991. Enhancements of 2G, like the introduction of packet data GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), is often referred to as 2.5G. Further enhancements, like EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM and TDMA Evolution), is referred to as 2.75G. In 1986, the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) started to work on the IMT-2000 standard, which is a guideline for every Third generation (3G) standard. In 1992, the World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC) identified the radio frequency bands 1885-2025 and 2110-2200 MHz as the common worldwide spectrum for 3G systems.

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In January 1998, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) reached a consensus where WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and TD-CDMA (Time Division- Code Division Multiple Access) were chosen as multiple access methods for the FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division Duplex) mode of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), respectively. UMTS is the term used in Europe for 3G systems. 3G was commercially launched 2001 in Japan and 2003 in Europe. Figure 1-2 briefly summarizes the history of cellular technologies.

ƒ ƒ ƒ

1G FDMA (NMT, AMPS, TACS)

80’s

- Voice (analog traffic, digital signaling)

2G TDMA (GSM, D-AMPS, PDC) and CDMA (IS-95) - Voice, SMS, CS data transfer ~ 9.6 kbit/s (50 kbit/s HSCSD)

90’s

2.5G TDMA (GPRS)

00’s

- PS data transfer ~ 50 kbit/s

2.75G TDMA (GPRS+EDGE)

00’s

- PS data ~ 150kbit/s

ƒ

3-3.5G WCDMA (UMTS) and CDMA 2000

ƒ

3.9G OFDMA (LTE/SAE)

ƒ

4G IMT Advanced

00’s

- PS & CS data transfer ~ 14-42 Mbit/s (HSPA/HSPA+), Voice, SMS

10’s

- VoIP and Data ~ 100Mbit/s

Figure 1-2. History.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. The collaboration agreement brings together a number of telecommunications standards bodies, e.g. ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, TTA and TTC.

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1 LTE/SAE Introduction

The original scope of 3GPP was to produce globally applicable Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and the radio access technologies that they support (i.e., Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes). The scope was subsequently amended to include the maintenance and development of the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) Technical Specifications and Technical Reports including evolved radio access technologies (e.g. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)). See www.3gpp.org for further information. The first practically implemented 3GPP specification for WCDMA was released and frozen 1999 and is called Release 99. WCDMA Release 99 supports both circuit switched (CS) and packet switched (PS) traffic up to a theoretical rate 2 Mbps. The evolution of 3G called HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access, specified in Release 5 - 2002) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access, specified in Release 6 – 2004) increase the maximum downlink (DL) bit rate to 14 Mbps and the uplink (UL) rate to maximum 5.76 Mbps. HSDPA and HSUPA is referred to as HSPA (High Speed Packet Access). HSUPA is also called EUL (Enhanced Uplink). The next step for WCDMA, called HSPA evolution or HSPA+, is currently ongoing (specified in Release 7 and 8) and aims to increase the maximum bit rates even further (up to 42 Mbps in DL). This is accomplished using e.g. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna solutions and Higher Order Modulation (HOM). In September 2007 the 3GPP family was extended with yet another member, the Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN). The work with creating the concept was officially started in the summer of 2006 when the study phase was successfully completed and the 3GPP work item “3G Long Term Evolution – Evolved Packet System RAN” (LTE) commenced. More than 50 companies and research institutes are participating in the largest joint standardization effort ever to specify the new world wide radio access and the evolved core network technology.

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Ericsson is playing a key role as an important and visual driver in this process. R99 Rel 4

Rel 5

WCDMA

Rel 6

Rel 7

WCDMA/HSPA HSDPA

HSUPA MBMS

Rel 8

HSPA Evolution MIMO HOM CPC

Further enhancements

4G

LTE

LTE

ƒ

HSPA Evolution –

ƒ

gradually improved performance at a low additional cost prior to the introduction of LTE

LTE –

improved performance in a wide range of spectrum allocations

Figure 1-3. 3GPP evolution.

The standard development in 3GPP is grouped into two work items, where Long Term Evolution (LTE) targets the radio network evolution and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) targets the evolution of the packet core network. Common to both LTE and SAE is that only a Packet Switched (PS) domain will be specified. The result of these work items are the Evolved UTRAN (EUTRAN) and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). These together (EUTRAN+EPC) builds the Evolved Packet System (EPS). LTE/SAE is specified from Release 8. Note that LTE and SAE refer to the work items in 3GPP. The name of the actual Radio Access Network (RAN) is E-UTRAN and the name of the Core Network (CN) is EPC. A parallel Partnership Project was also established - "3GPP2," which, quite similar to its sister project 3GPP, also standardizes International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) International Mobile Telecommunications "IMT-2000" based networks. 3GPP2 focuses on the evolution of cdmaOne with cdma2000 and EV-DO (HRPD) while 3GPP focuses on the evolution of GSM, WCDMA, HSPA and LTE. 3GPP2 is divided into four Technical specification groups comprised of representatives from the Project's Individual Member companies.

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1 LTE/SAE Introduction

The TSGs are: - TSG-A for Access Network Interfaces - TSG-C for cdma2000 - TSG-S Services and Systems Aspects - TSG-X Core Networks GSM Track (3GPP)

GSM

WCDMA

HSPA

LTE LTE FDD FDD-and TDD - TDD

TD-SCDMA CDMA Track (3GPP2)

CDMA One

EVDO Rev A 2001

2005

2008

2010

LTE is the Global standard for Next Generation – FDD and TDD Figure 1-4. Mobile System Evolution.

The E-UTRAN standard is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) downlink operation and Single Carrier Frequency Domain Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) uplink operation. These choices support great spectrum flexibility with a number of possible deployments from 1.4 MHz up to 20 MHz spectrum allocations. It will support both FDD and TDD mode of operation and targets both a paired spectrum allocation with uplink and downlink separated in frequency, and unpaired spectrum with uplink and downlink operating on the same frequency. Furthermore, E-UTRAN supports use of different MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) multiple antenna configurations. This increas...