Management Information System Case Study: Should cars drive themselves PDF

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MIS case studyFilesIntroductionFrom ushering in an era of decreased car ownership, to narrowing streets and eliminating parking lots, autonomous vehicles promise to dramatically reshape our cities.But after an Uber-operated self-driving vehicle struck and killed 49-year-old Elain...

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MIS case study Introduction From ushering in an era ofdecreased car ownership, tonarrowing streets and eliminating parking lots, autonomous vehicles promise to dramaticallyreshape our cities. But after an Uber-operated self-driving vehiclestruck and killed 49-year-old Elaine Herzberg, who was crossing the street with her bike in Tempe, Arizona on March 18, 2018, there are more questions than ever about thesafety of this technology, especially as these vehicles are beingtested more frequently on public streets. Throughout this case study, we came to understand that some argue thesafety record for self-driving cars isn’t proven, and that it’s unclear whether or not enough testing miles have been driven in real-life conditions. Other safety advocates go further, and say that driverless cars areintroducingnewsafety problems to cities, when cities should instead be focusing on improving transit and encouraging walking and biking instead. Contentions aside, the autonomous revolution is already here, although some cities will see its impacts sooner than others. From Las Vegas, where self-driving minibusdrive slowly along downtown streets, toGeneral Motors’ Cruise ride-hailing servicein San Francisco with backup humans in the driver’s seat we can observe that the US and the world in general are accelerating towards a driverless future. Then comes the first question we'll be answering today:

What are the people, organizational and technological challenges posed by self-driving car technology? The challenges posed by the self-driving car technology include: Management wise, the lack of understanding of the senior management executives regarding the usage of the artificial intelligence and the extent they need to test the technology before declaring them safe for general usage for the car owners, as we saw a proper example of how poor management can end up in deadly accident with the Boeing Case Study. Resource gathering as the resources it will require can be higher than the financial costs of other vehicles and managers need to take this into consideration. Business model can be a

very tricky business for an autonomous vehicles as we have to make sure to consider all the constraints such as traffic, safety, time and money. Finally, we believe that managing is a continuous process, so maintaining the business model and be responsive with solutions at anytime could be a major management challenge. The self-driving car does not only influence jobs by replacing drivers for example by AI, but the entire infrastructure since use of public transport and other infrastructures will change. Organizational challenges will have to deal with that change of creating and providing new jobs and coming up with a solution for a right change in use of infrastructure. We also thought about the fact that working on such a project requies a flow of communication and an exceptional teamwork, between the legal - business law department and the technical one for example. What is legal and what could be illegal and how to ensure the product is following all the regulations it needs to. The technological challenges include the facr that driving requires many complex social interactions — which are still tough for robots. Driving is an intensely social process and as mentioned in the case, autonomous cars’ technology systems have difficulty to assess its surroundings and have difficulty in taking the best decisions in these situations. Driving frequently involves intricate interactions with other drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians. In many of those situations, humans rely on generalized intelligence and common sense that robots still very much lack. Think of all the different driving situations that involve eye contact and subtle communication, like navigating four-way intersections, or a cop waving cars around an accident scene. Easy for us. Still hard for a robot. There is also the fact that bad weather makes everything trickier. Weather still poses a major challenge for self-driving vehicles because much like our eyes, the sensors and cameras mentioned in the case study, don't work as well in fog or rain or snow. Compounded to this, cybersecurity will also likely be an issue: How do you make sure these cars can't be hacked? As vehicles get smarter and more connected, there are more ways to get into them and disrupt what they're doing.

Are self-driving cars a good investment? Self-driving cars are certainly a good business investment that will continue to develop since a lot of parties are willing to replace regular cars with innovative ones and we believe it is just a question of time, until technology gets to a level that it provides safety. For now, as it has not been around for long, people are

still skeptical. We believe that investing in self-driving cars could provide a great return on investment because travel time would be used more productively which is a huge and important factor in todays’ world. Due to the ease it will be serving, they are going to be in large demands and a good business investments for all.

What ethical and social issues are raised by self-driving car technology Just like Artifical Intelligence in general, those self-operating technologies raise many ethical and social issues. To identify correctly the ethical issues we first Identify stakeholders: Self-driving car enthusiasts: Their expectationis to be able to utilize autonomous cars to get them from point A to point B. They value the innovation, efficiency, reliability, safety, and accessibility of self-driving cars. Companies that create autonomous cars (ex, Tesla and Google): Their expectation is to be able to provide the service demanded by self-driving car enthusiasts. They value the openness of society towards the creation of autonomous cars, the freedom to innovate, and the ongoing support from self-driving car enthusiasts. Bystanders: Their expectation is to not be harmed by autonomous cars when they are traveling. They believe it is the social and corporate responsibility of companies and the government to ensure the safety and well-being of all bystanders. They value that self-driving car companies and owners will be responsible for any harm caused by their cars. Policymakers and the government: Their expectation is to improve society by creating rules and regulations for new innovations, minimizing risk, and protecting citizens. They value safety, efficiency, and productivity. Now that we identified the stakeholders, let's hear about the anti-self-driving car arguments Random decisions are better than predetermined ones First, some people may argue that random human accidents are more justified than an algorithm that already predetermined the death of someone in a car crash. In addition, many ask who would hold responsibility for self-driving inflicted accidents. Would it be the responsibility of the driver? The car manufacturer? The engineer who developed the software? Some people believe

that the situation is too complex, and people should just allow accidents to naturally happen. We should not allow companies, government, and policymakers to control our destiny People may also argue that it is unethical for someone other than themselves to control their destiny in a car accident. In the case of self-driving cars, engineers developed the technology based on their ethics. What they deemed right and wrong controls the autonomous car, and their decision influences the life of the driver, passengers, and bystanders. Policymakers and the government also attempt to set rules and regulations on self-driving cars, adding additional influence on drivers, passengers, and bystanders. Because this gives people the power to control other people’s lives, many are uncomfortable and believe selfdriving cars are unethical. People believe this is unethical because they believe one should not be controlled by others. Data storage and hackers pose a threat to society For self-driving cars to run efficiently, a massive amount of data must be collected through the car’s sensors. While driving, autonomous cars continuously store data about their surroundings that allows them to learn and get smarter. This raises many security issues as self-driving cars hold large amounts of data including where the driver and passenger have been, driver communication when mobile phones are hooked, and conversations in the vehicle between drivers and passengers. People who are against autonomous cars believe it is unethical for self-driving cars to collect this kind of personal and sensitive information. Misuse of the data could be detrimental to a person’s identity, finances, and livelihood. There is also a great fear that criminals will hack and command a car remotely. Self-driving cars have multiple connection points including the computer area network, brakes, drivetrain, connections between the car and manufacturer, connections between the car and other autonomous vehicles, and any wired public infrastructure. These connections can be hacked and if placed under the wrong hands can lead to serious damage. Due to the increased risk of selfdriving cars, many believe that they are unethical to society.

Will cars really be able to drive themselves without human operators?

We all envisiona future filled with self-driving cars, a world with easy commutes where robot navigators have overcome any traffic problems and accidents. But one can wonder how far off that future is. Last month, Google suggested that this driverless utopia may actually be much further away than many people may realize. In a speech in Austin in 2016 , Google's car project director Chris Urmsonexplainedthat the day when fully autonomous vehicles are widely available, going anywhere that regular cars can, might be as much as 30 years away. There are still serious technical and safety challenges to overcome. In the near term, self-driving cars may be limited to more narrow situations and clearer weather. However, we believe that Tesla has been selling well its autonomous driving cars and they're slowly taking over the road so it might be closer than expected. The advancement in AI has been exponantial as of recently, with countries like the US investing billions and billions in research, so we believe in car driving themselves without any human operators....