Manual Muscle Testing Review Guide PDF

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Summary

This contains instructions on manual muscle testing on all of the muscles we learned until the first lab practical....

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Manual&Muscle&Testing&(MMT)& & MUSCLES&OF&THE&SCAPULA& Serratus&Anterior& - Origin:&Ribs&1&through&9& - Insertion:&Anterior&surface&on&medial&border&of&the& Scapula& - Action:&Upward&Rotation&and&Protraction&& - Innervation:&Long&Thoracic&Nerve&(C5,&C6,&C7)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Standing&with&thumb&up,&instruct&the&client&to&raise&their& arm&to&120° (flexion&and&abduction&combination/diagonal& movement).&While&they&raise&to&120°, put&a&hand&on&the& opposing&scapula&to&stabilize.&& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&With&arm&in&120° of&scaption,&place&hand&on&the&inferior& angle&of&scapula&with&thumb&on&lateral&border,&place&the& other&hand&on&the&distal&forearm.&Apply&25%&resistance&to& forearm,&and&75%&resistance&to&scapula.&& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&With&client&standing,&you&place&one&hand&at&distal& forearm&so&that&the&scapula&does¬&have&to&carry&the&weight&of&the&arm& -&Instruct&client&to&lift,&and&watch&(you&are&no&longer&stabilizing&at&this&point)&and&see&if&the& inferior&angle&is&going&into&upward&rotation& Client'can'perform,'then'they'are'a'(2)'Poor' Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (1)&Trace—Lessen&Gravity&and&Palpate& -&Palpate&for&the&serratus&anterior&on&ribs&(find&the&lateral&border&of&the&scapula,&move& inferiorly&and&anteriorly&near&insertion&points&on&the&ribs);&Instruct&for&patient&to&raise&arm,& while&you&are&assisting&at&distal&forearm& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & Upper&Trapezius&(Right)&& - Origin:&External&Occipital&Protuberance&and& Spinous&process&of&C7& - Insertion:&Lateral&1/3&of&Clavicle&and&Acromion& process&of&Scapula& - Action:&Elevation&and&Upper&Rotation& - Innervation:&Spinal&Accessory&Nerve&(Motor),&C3& and&C4&(Sensory)&& &

& Standard&Position:&& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Client&is&seated;&Instruct&client&to&slightly&turn&head&to&the&left&and&to&try&to&bring&the&back& of&their&head&to&meet&their&shoulder&as&they&shrug&so&that&both&their&shoulder&and&head&are& coming&together&to&touch& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance&& -&Apply&25%&resistance&to&the&occiput&(back&of&the&head)&in&the&direction&of&flexion,&and& 75%&to&the&shoulder&(at&the&lateral&clavicle&and&acromion)&into&depression.&Gradually&apply& resistance&(hold&it,&hold&it,&hold&it)& Client'cannot'perform&à&& (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Next&step&is&to&place&them&into&gravity&lessened&position.&Ask&the&client&to&lay&prone&(face& down),&instructing&them&to&relax&with&arm&down&at&their&side,&cup&under&the&shoulder&and& support&at&the&wrist&(so&that&you&are&holding&the&weight&of&the&arm)& -&Now&that&you&are&holding&the&weight&of&the&arm,&ask&them&to&shrug&the&shoulder,&you&are& not&looking&for&the&neck&to&do&anything&at&this&point,&you’re&just&asking&them&to&shrug&the& shoulder& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' -&Instruct&them&to&do&again,&and&palpate&for&contraction&of&the&upper&trapezius& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' ' Middle&Trapezius& - Origin:&Spinous&Process&of&T1-T5& - Insertion:&Acromion&Process&and&Spine&of&Scapula& - Action:&Retraction&and&Upward&Rotation& - Innervation:&Spinal&Accessory&Nerve&(Motor)&&&C3& and&C4&(Sensory)&& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Instruct&client&to&begin&in&a&prone&position&(lying&face& down),&ask&client&to&abduct&arm&and&bring&thumb&up;& stabilize&opposing&scapula&and&ask&client&to&raise&arm&by& bringing&thumb&up&towards&ceiling&& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance&& -&Ask&client&to&raise&arm&to&same&position&and&apply& resistance&at&distal&forearm,&while&still&holding&opposing& scapula;&gradually&apply&resistance&(hold&it,&hold&it,&hold& it)& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity&&

-&Put&client&in&a&gravity-reduced&position;&keep&stabilizing&the&opposite&scapula,&hold&distal& forearm&to&reduce&gravity,&and&instruct&client&to&do&movement&again.&While&they&are&doing& the&movement,&watch&for&scapula&retraction& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' -&Instruct&them&to&do&it&again,&and&palpate&for&Middle&Trapezius&to&feel&for&muscle& contraction&(find&the&spine&of&the&scapula,&then&move&medially&and&slightly&superior&to&the& area&between&the&scapula&and&spine)&& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)'' ' Lower&Trapezius& - Origin:&Spinous&processes&of&T6-T12& - Insertion:&Tubercle&at&the&root&of&the&spine&of& scapula&medially& - Action:&Depression&and&Retraction& - Innervation:&Spinal&Accessory&Nerve&(Motor)&&&C3& and&C4&(Sensory)&& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Place&client&in&prone&position,&Instruct&client&to&come& into&120° of&shoulder&abduction&while&stabilizing&their& opposite&scapula.&Instruct&client&to&bring&thumb&up& towards&ceiling&& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Apply&resistance&to&distal&forearm&and&instruct&client&to& hold&position&(hold&it,&hold&it,&hold&it)&& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Put&the&client&in&a&gravity-reduced&position&where&they&are&at&120° of&shoulder&abduction& with&the&thumb&pointed&up&toward&the&ceiling,&hold/support&at&the&distal&forearm&to&take&on& the&weight&of&the&arm;&Instruct&the&client&to&bring&the&arm&up&and&assist,&watch&for& depression/retraction&from&the&lower&trapezius& If'you'see'it:'(2)'Poor' If'you'do'not'see'it'à à '' -&Palpate&for&Lower&Trapezius&(find&inferior&angle&of&scapula,&and&then&move&medially&to& area&between&scapula&and&spine),&and&instruct&them&to&do&it&again&so&that&you&can&feel&for& muscle&contraction& If'you'feel'the'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' ' & & & &

Rhomboids& - Origin:&Spinous&process&of&C7-T5& - Insertion:&Medial&border&of&scapula&from&the&root&of&the& spine&to&the&inferior&angle&of&the&scapula& - Action:&Retraction&and&Downward&Rotation& - Innervation:&Dorsal&Scapular&Nerve&(C5)&& Standard&Position:&& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Begin&with&client&in&prone&position,&with&arm&abducted&to& 90° and&thumb&face&down;&place&hand&on&opposite&scapula&for& stabilization.&Instruct&client&to&bring&the&back&of&the&hand&up& towards&the&ceiling& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Instruct&client&to&do&movement&while&placing&hand&on&distal& forearm&and&apply&resistance& Client'cannot'perform&à&& (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Place&client&in&gravity-reduced&position,&assist&by&carrying&weight&of&arm&and&ask&client&to& relax&and&bring&hand&up&to&the&ceiling;&during&movement,&watch&for&the&medial&border&of& scapula&to&move&medially&in&towards&the&spine& If'you'see'it:'(2)'Poor' If'you'do'not'à à '' -&Palpate&for&Rhomboid&muscle&(find&the&spine&of&the&scapula,&then&move&medially&and& slightly&inferior&between&the&scapula&and&the&spine),&and&instruct&them&to&do&it&again&so&that& you&can&feel&for&the&muscle&contraction&during&the&movement& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)'' ' MUSCLES&OF&THE&SHOULDER&COMPLEX& Anterior&Deltoid& - Origin:&Lateral&third&of&clavicle,&acromion,&and&spine&of&scapula& - Insertion:&Deltoid&tubercle&of&humerus& - Action:&Shoulder&Flexion& - Innervation:&Axillary&Nerve&(C5-C6)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Ask&client&to&stand&with&arms&at&side&while&you&stabilize&just&proximal& to&the&GH&Joint,&Instruct&client&to&flex&shoulder&to&90°,&bringing&the& thumb&all&the&way&up&to&the&ceiling& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Have&client&bring&arm&up&to&90° shoulder&flexion&again,&place&hand&on& distal&humerus&of&raised&arm,&while&still&stabilizing&at&shoulder,&

gradually&apply&resistance&to&distal&humerus&(down&towards&extension)&and&instruct&client& to&hold&it&there&(hold&it,&hold&it,&hold&it)&& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Put&client&in&a&gravity&lessened,&sidelying&position;&instruct&client&to&relax&and&hold&weight& of&arm&at&wrist;&while&holding&arm,&instruct&client&to&flex&shoulder& Client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' Client'cannot'perform'à à '' -&Hold&weight&of&arm&and&ask&client&to&try&to&flex&again,&palpate&and&feel&for&contraction&of& anterior&deltoid&(by&finding&acromion&process&and&moving&anteriorly& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & Lattisimus&Dorsi& - Origin:&Inferior&angle&of&scapula&&&T7-L5&&&posterior& sacrum/iliac&crest& - Insertion:&Medial&lip&of&bicipital&groove&of&humerus& - Action:&Shoulder&Extension& - Innervation:&Thoracodorsa&I&Nerve&(C6-C8)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Place&client&in&prone&position&with&arms&at&side,&palm&down,& and&stabilize&just&proximal&to&the&shoulder&joint;&Ask&client&to& bring&back&of&hand&up&towards&the&ceiling&into&shoulder& extension& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Ask&client&to&bring&the&back&of&the&hand&back&up&towards&the& ceiling&into&shoulder&extension,&gradually&apply&resistance&to& the&distal&humerus&down&into&flexion&and&ask&client&to&hold&it& (hold&it,&hold&it,&hold&it)& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Put&client&into&a&gravity&lessened&position&into&sidelying&position,&stand&behind&client,&and& support&weight&of&the&arm&at&the&wrist&instruct&client&to&bring&their&arm&back&towards&you& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à '' -'Ask&client&to&bring&arm&back&again&towards&you,&palpate&for&Latissimus&Dorsi&(find&lateral& border&of&scapula&and&go&just&below&it)& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' ' ' ' ' &

Middle&Deltoid& - Origin:&Lateral&third&of&clavicle,&acromion,& and&spine&of&scapula& - Insertion:&Deltoid&tubercle&of&humerus&& - Action:&Shoulder&Abduction& - Innervation:&Axillary&Nerve&(C5-C6)& Standard&Position& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Client&is&standing&with&palms&facing&out&towards& you&(anatomical&position:&this&allows&the&client&to& bring&arm&all&the&way&up&without&moving&the& acromion—that&would&be&testing&the&scapula);& Instruct&client&to&abduct&the&arm,&bringing&it&all&the&way&over&head&and&back&down& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Ask&client&to&abduct&to&90° and&hold&while&you&gradually&apply&resistance&at&the&distal& humerus& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Have&client&lie&in&supine&position;&hold&at&the&wrist,&taking&the&weight&of&the&arm,&and& instruct&the&client&to&bring&arm&all&the&way&up&above&head& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à '' -&Palpate&for&middle&deltoid:&find&acromion&and&come&down&the&shoulder&inferiorly;&instruct& client&to&bring&arm&all&the&way&up&again&while&you&support&the&weight&of&their&arm&at&the& wrist& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & Subscapularis& - Origin:&Subscapular&fossa&of&scapula& - Insertion:&lesser&tubercle&of&humerus& - Action:&Shoulder&Internal&Rotation& - Innervation:&upper&and&lower&subscapular&nerves&(C5C6)&& Standard&Position:&& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Have&client&lay&prone,&with&arm&abducted&to&90° and& 90° flexion&at&the&elbow;&support&client’s&elbow&at&the&distal& humerus.&Instruct&the&client&to&bring&the&palm&of&their&hand& back&up&towards&the&ceiling&& If'client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance&

-&Ask&client&to&bring&the&palm&of&the&hand&up&and&back&towards&the&ceiling&again&and&hold&it.& Gradually&apply&resistance&to&the&distal&forearm&in&the&direction&of&external&rotation&(hold& it,&hold&it,&hold&it)&& If'client'cannot'perform'à à' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity&& -&Place&client&into&a&gravity&lessened&position;&ask&client&to&come&closer&to&the&edge&of&the& table,&have&their&arm&hang&down&over&table&with&no&flexion&or&extension.&Move&client’s&arm& so&that&they&are&in&external&rotation&(humerus&is&externally&rotated),&Let&go&and&ask&client&to& turn&palm&the&other&way,&look&to&see&if&client&is&internally&rotating& If&client&can&perform:&(2)&Poor& If&client&cannot&perform:&we&will&stop&here—the&tendon&is&too&deep&to&palpate&(the&muscle& is&too&deep&to&touch)&& & Infraspinatus/Teres&Minor& - Origin:&Infraspinatus&fossa&of&scapula&& - Insertion:&Greater&tubercle&of&humerus& - Action:&Shoulder&External&Rotation& - Innervation:&suprascapular&nerve&(C5-C6)&& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Have&client&lay&prone&with&arm&abducted&to&90° and& 90° flexion&at&the&elbow&with&palm&facing&feet;&support&client’s& elbow&at&the&distal&humerus&and&scapula.&Instruct&client&to& bring&back&of&the&hand&up&towards&the&ceiling&& If'client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Ask&client&to&return&to&position&of&shoulder&abducted&and& elbow&flexed,&support&distal&humerus&and&place&your&hand&at&their&forearm,&and&gradually& apply&resistance&in&the&direction&of&internal&rotation& If'client'cannot'performà à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Still&in&prone,&ask&client&to&come&the&edge&of&the&table,&have&the&arm&hang&down&over&the& table&with&no&flexion&or&extension.&Move&client’s&arm&so&that&they&are&internally&rotating&by& the&humerus&(be&sure&to&move&into&internal&rotation,¬&pronation);&let&go&and&ask&client&to& turn&palm&the&other&way&so&that&they&are&externally&rotating& If'client'can'do:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'do'à à '' -&Palpate&for&the&infraspinatus—find&the&spine&of&the&scapula&and&come&just&below⁢& instruct&client&to&externally&rotate& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)'' ' ' ' '

Posterior&Deltoid& - Origin:&Lateral&1/3&of&clavicle,&acromion,&and&spine&of& scapula& - Insertion:&Deltoid&tubercle&of&humerus&& - Action:&Shoulder&Horizontal&Abduction&& - Innervation:&Axillary&Nerve&(C5-C6)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Have&client&start&in&prone&position,&abduct&arm&at&90° and& 90° flexion&of&the&elbow,&support&client’s&elbow&at&the&distal& humerus;&ask&client&to&lift&back&of&the&arm&towards&the&ceiling& (keep&your&hand&where&it&is&while&they&lift,&this&is&good&to&gauge& how&high&they&are&lifting)& Client'can'perform'à à' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Next,&ask&client&to&bring&arm&up&again,&gradually&apply& resistance&to&the&distal&humerus&(pushing&down)&as&client&lifts& arm&up& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Have&client&sit&in&seated&position&and&bring&arm&to&90° shoulder&abduction&&&elbow&to& 90° flexion&and&support&at&elbow,&ask&client&to&pull&arm&backwards& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à '' -&Palpate&for&posterior&deltoid:&start&at&lateral&portion&of&the&acromion,&move&posteriorly;& instruct&client&to&pull&arm&back&again& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & Pectoralis&Major& - Origin:&medial&half&of&clavicle,&ribs&2-6,&costal& margin&of&sternum& - Insertion:&lateral&lip&of&bicipital&groove&of&the& humerus& - Action:&Shoulder&Horizontal&Adduction& - Innervation:&C8-T1&medial&pectoral&nerves,& and&C5,&C6,&C7&lateral&pectoral&nerves& Standard&Position:& Upper&Fibers—Clavicular&Fibers& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Have&client&lay&in&supine,&with&arm&up&(shoulder&flexed&to&90°, support/stabilize&at&the& opposite&shoulder;&ask&client&to&bring&arm&across&body&towards&other&shoulder&& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance&

-&Next,&ask&client&to&bring&arm&across&body&towards&other&shoulder&again,&gradually&apply& resistance&to&the&distal&humerus&in&horizontal&abduction&(push&out&while&client&pushes&in)& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Place&client&in&seated&position,&with&shoulder&flexed&at&90°, take&weight&of&client’s&arm&and& ask&client&to&bring&arm&across&and&in&front&of&them&& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à' -&Palpate&Clavicular&fibers—just&below&clavicle&towards&arm&and&have&client&in&same& position&bring&arm&across&and&in&front&of&them& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & Standard&Position:& Lower&Fibers—Sternal&Fibers& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Have&client&lay&supine,&with&arm&up&and&shoulder&flexed&to&90°, ask&client&to&bring&palm&of& hand&down&to&opposite&hip&while&stabilizing&the&hip&of&the&arm&moving& If'client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Next,&ask&client&to&return&their&arm&down&towards&opposite&hip&and&gradually&apply& resistance&to&the&distal&humerus&in&horizontal&abduction,&push&out&while&they&push&in& If'client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Place&client&in&seated&position,&with&shoulder&flexed&at&90°, take&weight&of&client’s&arm&and& ask&client&to&bring&arm&across&and&down&to&the&opposite&hip& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à '' -&Palpate&sternal&fibers—below&clavicle,&slightly&inferior&to&the&clavicular&fibers,&try&to&find& the&sternum&and&move&laterally& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' MUSCLES&OF&THE&ELBOW& Biceps&Brachii& - Origin:&Long&head—supraglenoid&tubercle&of&the&scapula;&Short& head—coracoid&process&of&the&scapula& - Insertion:& - Action:&Elbow&Flexion&while&supinated& - Innervation:&Musculocutaneous&Nerve&(C5,&C6)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Begin&with&client&standing&with&arm&down&at&side&in&extension&and& palm&facing&up&(supinated),&stabilize&just&proximal&to&elbow&joint&on&

the&posterior&side&of&the&humerus,&instruct&client&to&bring&palm&to&touch&shoulder&and&back& down& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Next,&ask&client&to&come&to&90° elbow&flexion,&with&palm&facing&up.&Stabilizing&proximal&to& elbow&joint,&and&gradually&apply&resistance&at&distal&forearm&while&the&patient&holds&it.&& Client'cannot'perform'à à' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Place&them&into&gravity-lessened&position&with&patient&still&standing;&abduct&their&arm&to& 90°&with&their&elbow&extended&for&the&starting&position.&Support&at&distal&humerus&and&take& weight&of&arm&if&needed.&Ask&client&to&bring&the&palm&of&their&hand&to&their&mouth&(to& remain&in&the&supinated&position)&& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à' - Palpate&for&the&bicep—place&fingers&and&ask&client&to&do&movement&again—if&client’s& arm&is&“big,”&it&is&okay&to&adduct&arm&and&bring&it&back&down&to&original&position&at& side&while&you&palpate&for&contraction&instead&of&taking&the&weight&of&the&arm& If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & & Brachioradialis& - Origin:&Lateral&supracondylar&ridge&of&the&humerus& - Insertion:&Styloid&process&of&the&radius& - Action:&Elbow&Flexion&in&neutral&position& - Innervation:&Radial&Nerve&(C5,&C6,&C7)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Begin&with&client&standing&with&arm&down&at&side&in&extension& with&thumb&up,&stabilize&just&proximal&to&elbow&joint&on&the& posterior&distal&humerus.&Instruct&client&to&bring&arm&up&to& shoulder&with&thumb&up& Client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance& -&Next,&ask&client&to&come&to&90° elbow&flexion,&with&thumb&facing&up.&Stabilize&proximal&to& elbow&joint,&and&gradually&apply&resistance&at&distal&forearm&while&patient&holds&it& Client'cannot'perform'à à '' (2)&Poor—Lessen&Gravity& -&Place&client&in&gravity-lessened&position&with&patient&still&standing,&abduct&their&arm&with& elbow&extended&for&starting&position.&Support&at&distal&humerus&and&take&the&weight&of&the& arm&if&needed.&Instruct&client&to&bring&their&thumb&to&touch&their&mouth& If'client'can'perform:'(2)'Poor' If'client'cannot'perform'à à'

-'Bring&arm&back&to&adducted&position&down&at&side&with&elbow&extended.&Palpate&for& Brachioradialis—find&lateral&epicondyle&and&come&down&towards&the&radius,&instruct&client& to&bring&thumb&to&shoulder&and&feel&for&muscle&contraction' If'you'feel'contraction:'(1)'Trace' If'you'do'not:'(0)' & Brachialis& - Origin:&Distal&one&half&of&the&anterior&shaft&of&the&humerus& - Insertion:&ulnar&tuberosity&&&anterior&surface&of&the&coronoid& process& - Action:&Elbow&Flexion&in&pronation& - Innervation:&Musculocutaneous&Nerve&(C5,&C6)& Standard&Position:& (3)&Fair—Complete&Motion& -&Begin&with&client&standing&with&arm&down&at&side&and&palm&facing& down&pronated.&Stabilize&just&proximal&to&elbow&on&posterior&side&of& humerus.&Instruct&them&to&bring&back&of&palm&up&to&shoulder&and&back& down& If'client'can'perform'à à '' (4)&Good/&(5)&Normal—Add&Resistance&& Next,&ask&client&to&come&to&90° elbow&flexion&with&palm&facing&down.&Stabilizing&just& proxi...