MBB1 lecture 4 PDF

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White matter - myelin Grey matter - cell body Rostral(anterior) - towards the beak Caudal (posterior) - towards the tail Dorsal (superior) - towards the back Ventral (inferior) - toward the stomach The Meninges is a three layered sheath surrounding the brain and spinal cord. 1. Dura Mater - tough matter 2. Arachnoid Mater - spider like matter 3. Pia Mater Subarachnoid space contains cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) - the PNS is covered in ONLY pia and dura mater: these fuse to form a cover for the spinal and cranial nerves. The cerebro-spinal fluid is a clear, blood like plasma that supports the brain (by reducing shock from head movements) and is created by Choroid plexus: reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Ventricular zone forms in to the ventricles Founder cells (in the ventricular zone) give ruse to the cells of the CNS. - cortical development ceased with apoptosis The telencephalon (forebrain) Grey matter starts by surrounding the main parts of the brain and extends, covering the entire brain by age 21. Central sulcus - neurons in this area are organised according to where a stimulus comes from. More neurons for more sensitive parts of the body. ‘large parts’ - cheeks, lips, tongue, vocal musculature, hands, fingers, thumbs Ie need a high level of feedback from neurons to talk and a normal speed. = more neurons Primary visual cortex - first part of brain that receives information from eyes. Neuron are clustered in terms of spatial arrangement. Ie top left part of visual field, centre etc Primary auditor cortex - along the sylvian fissure. Neurons are clustered according to the frequency of the sound Theses parts of the brain develop relatively early in lifespan Primary motor cortex - movement. Along the central sulcus -precentral sulcus (left) Left hemisphere controls the right side of body and visa versa Histogenises? ]

Lecture 5 Frontal lobe: all the cortex anterior to the central sulcus. Is responsive for our unique ability to play, to reason, and to reflect on our own behaviour.

Parietal lobe: cortex located behind the central sulcus, caudal to the frontal lobe and dorsal to the temporal lobe. In the left hemisphere this region plays a special role in aspects of language comprehension and mental arithmetic; in the right it is involved in representing the locations of salient objects in space. Temporal lobe: includes cortex located ventral to the frontal and parietal lobes. In the left hemisphere this region plays a role in understanding the spoken and written word. In the right it ma be particularly involved in recognising complex objects and spaces. Occipital lobe: includes the cortex at the back of the brain, caudal to the [arietal and temporal lobes. Cortex in this area processes various aspects of visual information, such as motion, colour, shape. LEFT HEMISPHERE: cognitive and perceptual processing in is piecemeal, analytic and serial. - controls many aspects of language, including talking, comprehension ofnspeech, reading and writing. RIGHT HEMISPHERE: specialise for synthesis of information - putting together parts to forma whole. Right hemisphere damage can cause problems in contracting objects or drawing from pieces ie completing a jigsaw puzzle.

Even though the 2 hemispheres have different function, the work together doe perception, member and thinking processes. This is because of the CORPUS CALLOSUM - approximately 200 million axons that connect the cortical areas of the two hemispheres. Homotopic - connects corresponding regions of cortiex in the two hemispheres Heterotopic fibres - connect different cortical regions of the two hemispheres. Ipsilateral fibres - connect adjacent regions within the same hemisphere....