Med-Surg Success A Course Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking, 2 edition PDF

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Davis's Q&A SUCCESS SERI FS

Kathryn Cadenhead Colgrove Ray A. Hargrove-Huttel

Med-Surg Success SECOND EDITION

A Q&A Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking Everything you need to ace your Med-Surg course! ✓ A complete review of core med-surg concepts ✓ Features new 2010 Test Plan ✓ More than 2,000 NCLEX style questions ✓ Test-taking hints and rationales for correct and incorrect answers ✓ Hundreds of alternate item formats ✓ Bonus CD with 265 question exam CD-ROM Compatible

TWO ROOVC IN ONCI • Q&A Course Review

• NCLEX® Prep BONUS

Med-Surg Success: A Q&A Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking Second Edition

Med-Surg Success:

A Q&A

Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking Second Edition

Kathryn Cadenhead Colgrove, RN, MSN, CNS Ray A. Hargrove-Huttel, RN, PhD F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2011 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2011 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher, Nursing: Robert G. Martone Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen Senior Project Editor: Padraic Maroney Art and Illustration Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before

administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Colgrove, Kathryn Cadenhead. Med-surg success : a Q&A review applying critical thinking to test taking / Kathryn Cadenhead Colgrove, Ray A. HargroveHuttel. -- 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8036-2504-4 ISBN-10: 0-8036-2504-9 1. Surgical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. I. Hargrove-Huttel, Ray A. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Nursing--Examination Questions. 2. Nursing Care--Examination Questions. 3. Problem Solving--Examination Questions. WY 18.2] RD99.25.C65 2011 617'.0231076--dc22 2010044176 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of spe- cific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-2504-4/04 0 + $.25.

The authors dedicate this book to all nursing students who provide safe, competent, and "caring" nursing care which makes a difference in their patients’ lives. We hope this book helps these students to be successful in their nursing program, successful on their NCLEX-RN, and successful in the nursing profession. Our continued thanks to Bob Martone who took a chance on us and continues to support our endeavors in the publishing world. We would also like to thank Berta Steiner for her editorial support during the production of the second edition. We hope the nursing students who use this book have as long, wonderful, and exciting a career as we have had in the nursing profession. I would like to dedicate this book to the memory of my mother, Mary Cadenhead and grandmother, Elsie Rogers. They always told said that I could accomplish anything I wanted to accomplish. I would also like to dedicate this book to my husband, Larry, children Laurie and Todd and Larry Jr. and Mai, and grandchildren Chris, Ashley, Justin C., Justin A., Connor, Sawyer, and Carson without their support and patience the book would not have been possible. Kathryn Colgrove This book is dedicated to the memory of my husband, Bill, and my parents, T/Sgt. Leo and Nancy Hargrove who are the rocks on which my life is built. I would like to thank my sisters, Gail and Debbie, my nephew Benjamin, and Paula for their support and encouragement through the good times and the bad. My children, Teresa and Aaron, are the most important people in my life and I want to thank them for always believing in me. Ray Hargrove-Huttel

Reviewers Donna Bowles, RN, MSN, EdD, CNE Denise Pruskowski Kavanagh, MSN, RN Associate Professor Assistant Professor Indiana University Southeast LaSalle University New Albany, Indiana Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Diane Lynn Cooper-McLean, RN, BSN, Sr. Vicky Larson, MS, RN, CNE MSN Nursing Instructor Faculty – Nursing Instructor

Presentation College Faulkner State Community College Aberdeen, South Dakota Bay Minette, Alabama Constance H. Miller, MSN-Ed Sheree Dickenson, MSN, RN, CDE Associate Professor Sr. Chair, Nursing Division Miami Dade College Bainbridge College Miami, Florida Bainbridge, Georgia vii

Editors and Contributors Judy Callicoatt, RN, MS, CNS Leslie Prater, RN, MS, CNS, CDE Associate Degree Nursing Instructor Clinical Diabetes Educator Trinity Valley Community College Associate Degree Nursing Instructor Kaufman, Texas Trinity Valley Community College Kaufman, Texas Joan L. Consullo, RN, MS, CNRN Advanced Clinical Nurse, Neuroscience Helen Reid, RN, PhD St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Dean, Health Occupations Houston, Texas Trinity Valley Community College Kaufman, Texas Michelle L. Edwards, RN, MSN, ACNP, FNP Elester E. Stewart, RRT, RN, MSN, Advanced Practice Nurse, Cardiology FNP Acute Care Nurse Practitioner/Family Advanced Practice Nurse, Pulmonary Nurse Practitioner Family Nurse Practitioner St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Houston, Texas Houston, Texas Gail F. Graham, APRN, MS, NP-C Advanced Practice Nurse, Internal Medicine Adult Nurse Practitioner St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital Houston, Texas ix

Table of Contents 1

Test Taking .................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ 1 GUIDELINES FOR USING THIS BOOK....................................................................................... 1 PREPARING FOR LECTURE ..........................................................................................................2 PREPARING FOR AN EXAMINATION .......................................................................................... 3 TAKING THE EXAM.......................................................................................................................... 4 THE RACE MODEL: THE APPLICATION OF CRITICAL THINKING TO MULTIPLE- CHOICE QUESTIONS.......................................................................................6

2 Neurological Disorders....................................................................................................... 7 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS

PRACTICE QUESTIONS Accident (Stroke).......................................................................................... 8 Head Injury................................................................................................................................... 9 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).......................................................................................................... 11 Seizures....................................................................................................................................... 13 Brain Tumors .............................................................................................................................. 15 Meningitis................................................................................................................................... 16 Parkinson’s Disease.................................................................................................................. 18 Substance Abuse ......................................................................................................................19 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s .......................................................................................................7

.................................................................................................................. 8 Cerebrovascular

Disease)....................................... 21 Encephalitis ............................................................................................................................... 23 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES....................................................... 25 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ....................................55 NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES.................................................................................................. 63

3 Cardiac Disorders ................................................................................................................ 73 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................................................73 PRACTICE QUESTIONS................................................................................................................ 74 Congestive Heart Failure......................................................................................................... 74 Angina/Myocardial Infarction ................................................................................................. 75 Coronary Artery Disease ..........................................................................................................77 Valvular Heart Disease............................................................................................................. 79 Dysrhythmias and Conduction Problems ............................................................................ 80 Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders ............................................................................................ 82 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES.......................................................84 CARDIAC DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ...............................................102 CARDIAC DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ............................................................................................... 107 xi xii TABLE OF CONTENTS

4 Peripheral Vascular Disorders................................................................................. 113 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 113 PRACTICE QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................. 114 Arterial Hypertension............................................................................................................. 114 Arterial Occlusive Disease.................................................................................................... 115 Atherosclerosis ........................................................................................................................ 117 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ................................................................................................ 119 Deep Vein Thrombosis........................................................................................................... 120 Peripheral Venous Disease ................................................................................................... 122 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES.....................................................124 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION .................141 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES................................................................... 146 5 Hematological Disorders ............................................................................................. 151 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 151 PRACTICE QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................. 152 Leukemia.................................................................................................................................. 152 Lymphoma ................................................................................................................................ 153 Anemia...................................................................................................................................... 155 Bleeding Disorders.................................................................................................................157 Blood Transfusions ................................................................................................................. 158 Sickle Cell Anemia................................................................................................................. 160 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES.....................................................162 HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ...............................180 HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ............................................................................................... 185 6 Respiratory Disorders..................................................................................................... 191 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 191 PRACTICE QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................. 192 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) ..................................................................................... 192 Lower Respiratory Infection ................................................................................................. 193 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ............................................................195 Reactive Airway Disease (Asthma) ..................................................................................... 197 Lung Cancer............................................................................................................................. 199 Cancer of the Larynx.............................................................................................................. 202 Pulmonary Embolus............................................................................................................... 204 Chest

Trauma ........................................................................................................................... 205 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome................................................................................ 207 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES.....................................................209 RESPIRATORY DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ..................................... 235 RESPIRATORY DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES ............................................................................................... 243

7 Gastrointestinal Disorders.......................................................................................... 253 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 253 PRACTICE QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................. 254 Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) ....................................................................................... 254 Inflammatory Bowel Disease................................................................................................ 255 Peptic Ulcer Disease .............................................................................................................257 Colorectal Disease.................................................................................................................. 259 Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis................................................................................................... 260 Gallbladder Disorders ............................................................................................................ 262 Liver Failure............................................................................................................................. 263 Hepatitis ................................................................................................................................... 265

Gastroenteritis......................................................................................................................... 266

TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii Abdominal Surgery.................................................................................................................268 Eating Disorders ..................................................................................................................... 269 Constipation/Diarrhea Disorders.......................................................................................... 271 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES.....................................................274 GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION............................................................................................................................ 308 GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES................................................................... 316

8 Endocrine Disorders ....................................................................................................... 325 KEYWORDS/ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 325 PRACTICE QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................. 326 Diabetes Mellitus.................................................................................................................... 326 Pancreatitis.............................................................................................................................. 329 Cancer of the Pancreas......................................................................................................... 331 Adrenal Disorders ................................................................................................................... 332 Pituitary Disorders.................................................................................................................. 334 Thyroid Disorders.................................................................................................................... 336 P...