Microbiolgy chapter 14 homework PDF

Preview

Summary

Microbiolgy chapter 14 homework...

Description

Chapter 14 homework 1. All of the following might lead to a disease caused by an opportunistic pathogen

except Hormonal changes An encounter with an infected animal Changes in diet Immune suppression 2. Human normal microbiota begin to develop a. At puberty b. During birth c. During adulthood d. Before birth 3. Which of the following is not an example of symbiosis a. Microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus b. Tapeworm in the human intestine c. Tuberculosis in the human lung d. Bacteria in the human colon protozoa in termites 4. The figure represents a petri dish with fungus (F), shown in darker gray, growing in the midst of bacterial lawn (B) shown in light gray. The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would best be described as a. Commensal b. Synergistic c. Amensal d. Parasitic e. None, there is no relationship between the microbes a. b. c. d.

5. Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal

microbiota?

a. Microorganisms grown in the respiratory tract after the baby’s first breath b. The baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal c. Straphylococcus e pidermis is transferred from the hospital staff to the

6.

7.

8.

9.

newborn after delivery d. Microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal e. Microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens a. Growth of microbes on the sureface of intact skin b. Growth of Lactobacillus o  n the surface of teeth c. Presence of Entamoeba  in the luman of the colon d. Treatment of a cancer patient with radiation e. Growth of microorganisms on the excreted cellular wastes and dead cells in the large intestine The condition known as microbial antagonism may be defined as a. A relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other b. An unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes c. A relationship between two organisms where only one members benefits d. A relationship between two organisms where both members benefit e. Microorganisms that remain with a person throughout life Which of the following is an example of the parenteral route a. A person steps on a nail b. A pathogen crosses the placenta and infects a fetus c. A person rubs his or her eyes with contaminated fingers d. A pathogen enters the body through a hair follicle Infection and disease are NOT the same thing because ___ a. They are caused by different kinds of pathogens b. Disease does not necessarily result from an infection c. Disease refers only to microbes growing inside the body d. Infections last longer than disease

10. 11. In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for

disease? a. A pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta b. A person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears c. A person receives an injection with a contaminated needle d. A person is bitten by a mosquito that carriers the malaria parasite e. Fungi digest the outer layer of the skin  as a mutation which has caused it to lose the ability 12. A strain of Neisseria Gonorrhea h to produce fimbriae and become less virulent as a consequence. What function has this pathogen lost? a. The ability to adhere to cells of the body b. The ability to establish a latent infection c. The ability to move from one location in the body to another d. The ability to produce an endotoxin e. The ability to prevent phagocytes killing it

13. How is streptococcus pneumonia a ble to avoid destruction by a phagocyte? a. They cause the lysosome to empty their contents into the pagocyte, killing it b. They prevent the fusion of the lysosome and phagosome c. Their capsules make them “slippery” to phagocytes 14. Which microorganism requires the low pH inside a phogolysosome in order to

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

reproduce? a. Haemophilus influenzae b. Streptococcus pyogenes c. Streptococcus pneumoniae d. Coxiella burnetii Which of the following microorganisms use M protein to avoid destruction of a phagocyte? a. Haemophilus influenza b. Coxiella burnetii c. Strepcoccus pyogenes d. Streptococcus pneumoniae How are immune cells able to detect foreign pathogens a. They can compare the DNA sequences from the foreign cells to host DNA b. They are able to detect structures on the surfaces of foreign cells that are not found in the host c. They detect foreign, unfamiliar chemical substances released by the invading cells How does a capsule help certain bacteria evade detection by the immune system a. The capsule makes the bacterium too sticky to the phagocytosed by the immune cells b. Capsules allow the bacteria to stick together, creating a larger mass that is too big for immune cells to engulf c. The capsule is composed of polysaccharides that are similar to those found in the host; thus, the immune system does not recognize it as foreign d. Capsules have the ability to destroy antibodies secreted by the immune system Which of the following microorganisms actually grows inside the macrophage a. Legionella b. Shigella c. Leishmania d. Streptococcus pneumoniae e. Tuberculosis bacterium How does the Protozoan Trypanosoma e vade detection by the immune system

a. It prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion b. It can resist oxidation inside macrophages c. It produces a capsule which is composed of polysaccharides similar to those

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

found in the host d. It can change the surface antigens frequently, preventing the immune system from tracking it Certain traits that allows pathogens to create infection and cause disease are termed a. Streptokinase b. Virulence factors c. Collagenases d. Hyaluronidases Which of the following enzymes breaks down the “glue” that holds cells together a. Hyaluronidase b. Streptokinase c. Collagenase d. Fibrinolysin Which of the following virulence factors would be found in  staphylococcus aureus? a. Staphylokinase b. Collagenase c. Streptokinase d. Hyaluronidase How do fibrinolysins enhance a pathogens virulence? a. They break down fibrin proteins that are involved in clot formation, allowing the cells to penetrate deep into damaged skin b. They destroy the molecules that hold cells together c. They destroy the fibers that are found at the base of superficial tissues, allowing for deeper penetration by the pathogen What are leukocidins a. Molecules that can degrade lgA b. Molecules that destroy the complement proteins c. Molecules that are capable of destroying phagocytes Measles viruses are capable of inactivating host defenses by a. Producing superantigens b. Suppressing the immune system c. Destroying complement proteins d. Producing leukocidins Meningitis and gonorrhea are caused by a. Pseudomonas species b. Neisseria species c. Measles virus

27. How do superantigens enable pathogens to hide from the immune system if they

actually stimulate the immune system a. They cause fever, which destroys the complement proteins b. They cause the immune system to turn on itself c. They cause the immune system to destroy igA d. They cause the immune system to produce an exaggerated reponse, distracting it from the actual pathogen 28. How can capsules enable bacteria to evade the immune system a. A capsule is a superantigen that distracts the immune system b. Capsules can bind up lgA, rendering in inactive c. Capsules block the complement binding sites on the surface of the pathogen

29. What types of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catherizations? a. Cutaneous b. Surgical c. Lower respiratory d. Urinary tract e. Bacteremia 30. How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an

antibiotic? a. Antibiotics can be used in aerosols, thereby entering the environment b. Visitiors currently being treated with antibiotics can pass them on to the patient c. Health care workers being treated with antibiotics may pass the antibiotic on to the patient 31. Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections? a. Invasive procedures require long term hospital stays, therby increasing the number of visitors seen by the patient b. Invasive procedures must use antibiotics c. These procedures are carried out by health care workers, who carry resistanct microbes d. These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient 32. How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections a. Reduce the number of times they visit a patient b. Administer all medications orally instead of through injections

c. Limit the number of visitors who can see the patient d. Practice more stringent aseptic techniques 33. The bacterium staphylococcus aureus i s commonly fround in the nasal cavity of

healthy people. If inhaled into the lungs however, it may cause pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus i s best described as a. Resident microbiota b. Transient microbiota c. A mutualist symbiotic partner d. A parasite e. Both resident microbiota. And opportunistic pathogen 34. Rabies is an example of zoonosis that is hard to control because a. It can be spread both by humans and by animals b. Its reservoir contains both domestic and sylvatic animals c. It can be spread by nonliving reservoirs as well as by animal hosts d. Its true animal reservoir is unknown 35. A patient contacted a disease just by being in the same room with an infected individual for an extended period of time. Which of the following modes of disease transmission is most applicable in this situation a. Vehicle transmission b. Vector transmission c. Vehicle and vector transmission d. Direct contact transmission...