Midterm 1 Notes: Organization of Cells, Jeopardy Game PDF

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Carnegie, ANP1105, lecture notes, jeopardy game, structural organization of cells....

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TOPIC 1.1 and 1.2 Structural Organization and Organelles What is the smallest particle of an element with all the properties of that element The Atom

What are the diffent parts of an atom? What s a combination of atoms? What do molecules associate in specific ways to form? Give 4 examples of organelles: What the fundamental strucutural and functional unit of a living thing?

Cell

Main function of epithelial tissue: Main function of muscle tissue: Main function of connective tissue: Main functinon of nervous tissue:

Protection/Barrier Movement Connecting Communication

Gve an example of an organ and describe how each of its tissue types contributes to its overall role or function in the body Example of organ system What is the control centre of the cell What is the cytoplasm

Electron, Proton, Neutron A molecule Organelle Mitochondria, Ribosome, Golgi Apparatus, Rough and smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Stomach: epithelial cell lining to the stomach, smooth muscle in the walls to allow the stomach to mix and digest the food, nervous tissue running through the wall of the stomach so the stomach can be stimulated to carry out appropriate responses and connective tissue in between the epithelial lining and the muscle of the wall of the stomach so blood vessels and nerves can run through that area of connective tissue Collection of organs: The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The nucleus Fills the space between thenuceleus and the plasms membrane The plasma membrane encloses the cell, separating the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable (selectively permeable). This means it can allow some substances to cross while restricting the movement of others.

What encloses the cell? Cytosol: a viscous fluid in which the other components are suspended; consists of water plus proteins, salts sugars, other solutes Organelles: structures within a cell that carry out specific functions such as protein synthesis, ATP production, digestion 3. Inclusions: cell-type dependent – may be storage forms of important molecules or have other functions within the cell; examples include: glycogen granules (liver and muscle cells), lipid droplets (fat cells), pigment granules (skin) What does the cytoplasm consist of ?

What is Gaucher Disease?

What does the term endomembrane system mean? Function of the mitohondrion

Gaucher disease is a genetic disease that affects lysosomes causing waste products to build up in cells, interfering with their normal functioning. Fortunately the disease can be managed with enzyme replacement therapy. The endomembrane system is a system of organelles that work together mainly to (I) produce, degrade, store, and export biological molecules, and (2) degrade potentially harmful substances. It includes the ER, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, lysosomes, and nuclear envelope, all of which are connected directly or by vesicle formation or fusing. Generate chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions

Function of ribosome Function of rough ER Function of smooth ER Function of golgi apparatus

Sites of protein synthesis. to convert genetic code into an amino acid sequence and to build protein polymers from amino acid monomers. its ribosomes manufacture all proteins secreted from cells. Cell's membrane factory metabolize, synthesize, detoxify, break down, store "traffic director" for cellular proteins. Modifies, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids made at rough ER and destined for export from the cell.

Sacs containing a variety of powerful exzymes such as oxidases and catalases. Break down and synthezise fatty acids. containing activated hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes. Cells "demolition crew" Microfilaments: semiflexible stanrds of the protein actin. involved in cell motility except in muscle cells where they are abundant and stable. Intermediate Filaments: tough, insoluble protein fibers. Most stable and permenent of the cytoskeletal elements and strongle resist tension. Act as internal What are the three types of cytoskeletal filaments and what do they cables to resist pulling forces exerted on the cell. do? Microtubules: Determine the overall shape and distribution of cell and organelles. Function of peroxisome Function of Lysosome

What does the nucleus do

1. Stores genes on chromones 2. Organizes genes into chromosomes to allow cell division 3. transports regulatory factors and gene products via pores 4. produces diffferent types of RNA 5. Produces ribosomes 6. Organizes the uncoiling of DNA to replicate and decode genes (highly regulated!) 7. DNA repair

DNA + associated proteines (histones and nonhistones). Package the DNA into the nucleus in such a way that specific genes can be found and made available to diredirect protein synthesis and so that the DNA strands do not become tangled or broken. What is chromatin? What does mRNA do? Bring instructions for protein synthesis out to ribosomes What are ribosomal subunits? Ribosomes are made int he nucleus but work in the cytoplasm. Do nuclear pores allow assembled ribosomes back into the nucleus? No What are tRNA molecules and where are they made?

(made in the nucleus) bring amino acids, one by one when proteins are being synthesized in the cytoplasm

Jeopary Game I form the mitotic spindle and I can also move organelles around within the cytoplasm. I am the site of formation of microtubules. I am composed of actin and can influence cell shape.

What is a microtubule? What is a centriole What is a microfilament

I am a strong, rope-like intermediate filament found especially in skin cells. What is keratin

I am the cytoskeletal component that allows cilia to move mucus through the respiratory passageways. What is a microtubule? I have a double membrane as well as cristae and it is thought that I was originally a bacterium before I became a cytoplasmic organelle. What is a mitochondrion I can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to a membrane and I am the site of protein synthesis. What is a ribosome? I inactivate free radicals. What is a peroxisome? While I can also be rough, when I am smooth I am involved in lipid biosynthesis. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? In Tay-Sachs Disease, I am the organelle that is missing a What is a lysosome? glycolipid-digesting enzyme What is a nucleolus? I am the site of production of ribosomal subunits. I have two layers and contain pores for the passage of mRNA and ribosomal subunits. What is the nuclear membrane? I carry amino acids to ribosomes so that peptides can be synthesized. What is tRNA? I am the protein that binds to DNA to make chromatin. What is a histone? I can have as many as 100 nuclei per cell. What is skeletal muscle? In triplets, I provide instructions on what amino acid to choose nex during protein synthesis. What is a codon? I am an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides during DNA replication. I am the semi-fluid component of a cell’s cytoplasm.

What is DNA polymerase? What is cytosol?

I am the term that describes the ability of the plasma membrane to control what gets into and out of the cell. I am the term describes the nuclear make-up of mature RBCs. Jeopary Game I form the mitotic spindle and I can also move organelles around within the cytoplasm. I am the site of formation of microtubules. I am composed of actin and can influence cell shape. I am a strong, rope-like intermediate filament found especially in skin cells.

What is semi-permeable? What is anucleate? (lacking a cell nucleus)

What is a microtubule? What is a centriole What is a microfilament

What is keratin

I am the cytoskeletal component that allows cilia to move mucus through the respiratory passageways. What is a microtubule? I have a double membrane as well as cristae and it is thought that I was originally a bacterium before I became a cytoplasmic organelle. What is a mitochondrion I can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to a membrane and I am the site of protein synthesis. What is a ribosome? I inactivate free radicals. What is a peroxisome? While I can also be rough, when I am smooth I am involved in lipid biosynthesis. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? In Tay-Sachs Disease, I am the organelle that is missing a What is a lysosome? glycolipid-digesting enzyme What is a nucleolus? I am the site of production of ribosomal subunits. I have two layers and contain pores for the passage of mRNA and ribosomal subunits. What is the nuclear membrane? I carry amino acids to ribosomes so that peptides can be synthesized. What is tRNA? I am the protein that binds to DNA to make chromatin. What is a histone? I can have as many as 100 nuclei per cell. What is skeletal muscle? In triplets, I provide instructions on what amino acid to choose nex during protein synthesis. What is a codon? I am an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides during DNA replication. I am the semi-fluid component of a cell’s cytoplasm.

What is DNA polymerase? What is cytosol?

I am the term that describes the ability of the plasma membrane to control what gets into and out of the cell. I am the term describes the nuclear make-up of mature RBCs. Jeopary Game I form the mitotic spindle and I can also move organelles around within the cytoplasm. I am the site of formation of microtubules. I am composed of actin and can influence cell shape. I am a strong, rope-like intermediate filament found especially in skin cells.

What is semi-permeable? What is anucleate? (lacking a cell nucleus)

What is a microtubule? What is a centriole What is a microfilament

What is keratin

I am the cytoskeletal component that allows cilia to move mucus through the respiratory passageways. What is a microtubule? I have a double membrane as well as cristae and it is thought that I was originally a bacterium before I became a cytoplasmic organelle. What is a mitochondrion I can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to a membrane and I am the site of protein synthesis. What is a ribosome? I inactivate free radicals. What is a peroxisome? While I can also be rough, when I am smooth I am involved in lipid biosynthesis. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? In Tay-Sachs Disease, I am the organelle that is missing a What is a lysosome? glycolipid-digesting enzyme What is a nucleolus? I am the site of production of ribosomal subunits. I have two layers and contain pores for the passage of mRNA and ribosomal subunits. What is the nuclear membrane? I carry amino acids to ribosomes so that peptides can be synthesized. What is tRNA? I am the protein that binds to DNA to make chromatin. What is a histone? I can have as many as 100 nuclei per cell. What is skeletal muscle? In triplets, I provide instructions on what amino acid to choose nex during protein synthesis. What is a codon? I am an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides during DNA replication. I am the semi-fluid component of a cell’s cytoplasm.

What is DNA polymerase? What is cytosol?

I am the term that describes the ability of the plasma membrane to control what gets into and out of the cell. I am the term describes the nuclear make-up of mature RBCs. Jeopary Game I form the mitotic spindle and I can also move organelles around within the cytoplasm. I am the site of formation of microtubules. I am composed of actin and can influence cell shape. I am a strong, rope-like intermediate filament found especially in skin cells.

What is semi-permeable? What is anucleate? (lacking a cell nucleus)

What is a microtubule? What is a centriole What is a microfilament

What is keratin

I am the cytoskeletal component that allows cilia to move mucus through the respiratory passageways. What is a microtubule? I have a double membrane as well as cristae and it is thought that I was originally a bacterium before I became a cytoplasmic organelle. What is a mitochondrion I can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to a membrane and I am the site of protein synthesis. What is a ribosome? I inactivate free radicals. What is a peroxisome? While I can also be rough, when I am smooth I am involved in lipid biosynthesis. What is the endoplasmic reticulum? In Tay-Sachs Disease, I am the organelle that is missing a What is a lysosome? glycolipid-digesting enzyme What is a nucleolus? I am the site of production of ribosomal subunits. I have two layers and contain pores for the passage of mRNA and ribosomal subunits. What is the nuclear membrane? I carry amino acids to ribosomes so that peptides can be synthesized. What is tRNA? I am the protein that binds to DNA to make chromatin. What is a histone? I can have as many as 100 nuclei per cell. What is skeletal muscle? In triplets, I provide instructions on what amino acid to choose nex during protein synthesis. What is a codon? I am an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides during DNA replication. I am the semi-fluid component of a cell’s cytoplasm.

What is DNA polymerase? What is cytosol?

I am the term that describes the ability of the plasma membrane to control what gets into and out of the cell. What is semi-permeable?...