Midterm 2 Multiple Choice Question Examples PDF

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Midterm 2 multiple questions by professor Emily Impett...

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1. Persuasive messages in the media are often be filtered in a top-down fashion, meaning that A. the dissemination of information and ideas is controlled by others, so you hear when they want you to hear. B. our cognitions about persuasion involve large principles to small specific examples. C. information is presented through two paths to persuasion, from the top to bottom levels. D. the information you hear in the media has been reviewed by others to assure that the ideas presented are accurate depictions of the truth. 2. Smart advertisers adapt ads to their consumers' thinking, and the consumers respond with favourable thoughts. This process is referred to as A. the central route to persuasion. B. the peripheral route to persuasion. C. automatic persuasion. D. the heuristic route to persuasion. 3. Over time the impact of a message from a noncredible source may _____________, a phenomenon known as the ______________. A. decrease; sleeper effect B. increase; sleeper effect C. decrease; status effect D. increase; status effect 4. In a study by Miller and colleagues, people who listened to tape-recorded messages on topics like "the dangers of drinking coffee" rated fast speakers as being _____ than slow speakers. A. less objective B. less intelligent C. more believable D. more manipulative 5. Which is more influential: reason or emotion? Persuasion research has revealed that the best answer to this question is A. reason is more influential. B. emotion is more influential. C. both reason and emotion together in a message are necessary to produce persuasion. D. it depends on the audience

6. When the fear aroused by a persuasive message is relevant to a pleasurable activity (e.g., sex or smoking), the result is often A. intensified fear. B. reduced fear. C. immediate behavioural change. D. denial. 7. If you are a credible authority and your audience isn't much concerned with your issue, you ought to A. advocate an extremely discrepant view. B. advocate a moderately discrepant view. C. advocate a slightly discrepant view. D. present a short message. 8. In an election campaign debate, Joanne makes her statement to the audience during the first week of campaigning. Her opponent Deborah presents her campaign the next week. The election is the next day following Deborah's statement. If both messages were persuasive and the debate was the deciding factor, the election results should show the influence of A. the recency effect. B. the primacy effect. C. a two-step flow of communication. D. the credibility-discrepancy effect. 9. Persuasion studies demonstrate that the major influence on important beliefs and attitudes appears to be A. television. B. print media like newspapers and magazines. C. our contact with people. D. major social institutions and the values they foster. 10. People with ___________ self-esteem are often ___________ to comprehend and they are ___________ to persuade. A. low; slow; hard B. low; fast; easy C. high; fast; easy D. high; slow; hard 11. Political ads that use words to promote the candidate while visual images keep the viewer occupied to prevent analysis of the words are most clearly employing A. the technique of classical conditioning. B. the two-step flow of communication. C. the sleeper effect. D. distraction to inhibit counterarguing.

12. You think your younger sister may be getting involved with a cult. What situation should make you the most worried on her behalf? A. They will kidnap her and force her to join the cult. B. They will convince her to join the cult by using strong factual arguments. C. She will be gradually drawn into the cult with patient encouragement by other cult members. D. Her street-smarts will make her an easy target for the cult. 13. Charles Kiesler recommends that one way to stimulate people's thinking so they become more committed to their positions is to A. mildly attack their position. B. strongly attack their position. C. mildly support their position. D. strongly support their position. 14. Research on attitude inoculation suggests that religious educators are wise to avoid A. the two-step flow of communication. B. forewarning followers that outsiders will question their beliefs. C. using charismatic leaders to attract new converts. D. creating a "germ-free ideological environment." 15. What does Cialdini's concept of the "poison parasite" defence refer to? A. Directly attacking the opponent's view. B. Actively ignoring the opponent's view so that your perspective will not be "poisoned". C. Combining strong counterarguments with retrieval cues that bring those arguments to mind when exposed to the opponent's view. D. Working to better understand the opponent's assertions leads to believing in them. 16. Compliance is A. reactance. B. a change in behaviour to go against a request. C. conformity. D. conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with social pressure while privately disagreeing. 17. Tisha started going to church only because her boyfriend wanted to go. She continues to go now, even though she broke up with him, because she really gets a lot out of the service. What principle does Tisha's experience illustrate? A. the false consensus effect B. the foot-in-the-door principle C. acceptance can increase cohesion D. acceptance sometimes follows compliance

18. Peter feels like he has been in a bit of a "funk" and somewhat depressed. He decides to go camping with a bunch of his friends who are usually the "happy go lucky" type. By the end of the weekend, his mood is much improved and he feels better. This example represents the phenomenon of A. mass suggestibility. B. the chameleon effect. C. mood linkage. D. psychological obedience. 19. A social psychological experiment in which the participants were present only because they were earning extra credit and completely uninterested in the experimental situation might be lacking in A. experimental realism. B. internal validity. C. exaggerated realism. D. reactivity. 20. In a follow-up series of experiments after his initial study, Milgram made the learner's protests more compelling by having him complain of a heart condition, then scream and plead for release, and finally refuse to answer. With this added condition, A. a majority of participants still fully obeyed the experimenter's demands. B. teachers were more reluctant to deliver initial shocks. C. learners became more real and personal to the teacher. D. fewer participants went to 450 volts. 21. Research suggests that when people are given a _________, they are more likely to comply with a request from a stranger. A. light touch on the arm B. handwritten rather than a typed letter C. letter rather than a telephone call D. sense of anonymity 22. Greece's military junta selected candidates based on their respect for and submission to authority, and used a _________________ process to train these candidates to torture others. A. door-in-the face B. blame-the-victim C. autokinetic D. chameleon effect 23. Which of the following is not one of the factors that have been found to significantly influence one's conformity to the group? A. Requiring the individual's response to be made in public B. Increasing the size of the group from 6 to 10 members C. Increasing the status of the group D. Having the group's agreement be unanimous rather than reflect some disagreement

24. Nicole is looking to join up with a recreational activity outside of work, and speaks to some friends about what they are involved in. Her older friend Lynne encourages her to come out to a book club that she is a member of. Her other friend Nicole, who is the same age, suggests her slo-pitch league. Based on the factors that predict conformity, which friend is Nicole most likely to go along with? A. Lynne B. Nicole C. She will choose neither activity. D. She will choose another activity independently. 25. Going along with the crowd because they appear to know more about the situation than you do is called A. pluralistic influence. B. normative influence. C. cohesion-based influence. D. informational influence. 26. Personality characteristics best predict an individual's A. likelihood of performing a specific action in a given situation. B. likelihood of performing a specific action repeatedly over time. C. average behaviour across many situations. D. none of these choices. 27. The theory of psychological reactance would advise parents who wish to keep their children from taking up the habit of smoking cigarettes that their best strategy would be to A. threaten their children with severe punishment if they are ever caught smoking. B. promise large rewards to their children for not smoking. C. explain why they are opposed to smoking and then allow their children to decide for themselves whether they will smoke or not. D. forbid their children to see, talk about, or have any contact with cigarettes or other tobacco products. 28. An objective observer can see very little difference between the students at Queen's University and the students at McGill University. This strong resemblance may lead to A. intense rivalry and scorn between the students of the two schools. B. cooperation between the students of the two schools. C. intense nonconformist individualism. D. experience of cognitive dissonance.

29. Experiments have demonstrated that attempts to restrict a person's freedom often produce anticonformity called A. individuation. B. the boomerang effect. C. the consensus effect. D. personality assertion effect. 30. Even though Milgram's shock experiments created a powerful situational setting with clearcut demands, not all participants administered shock to the maximum level. These findings suggest that A. the situation may not have been as powerful as Milgram thought. B. other factors, such as personality, may play a role in who is more or less likely to obey. C. individuals will obey when forced but not when it involves shock. D. some participants perceived the situation as "weak" whereas others found it "strong". 31. Jodi wears slacks or jeans almost all the time, rejecting skirts and dresses as too formal and sexist. However, when she is invited to attend an honours reception, she borrows a skirt to wear so she will fit in with the other guests. This is an example of A. normative social influence. B. self-efficacy. C. psychological reactance. D. informational social influence. 32. Coactors are, for example, A. four people doing push-ups in an exercise class. B. two people playing bridge. C. eight competitors running a 5-kilometre race. D. all of these choices. 33. The social facilitation effect has been found to apply to A. people performing simple motor tasks. B. chickens eating grain. C. ants excavating sand. D. all of these choices. 34. In which of the following situations would the social facilitation effect most likely occur? A. A weak batter hitting a home run in front of a large crowd of fans B. An inexperienced babysitter getting a young child to behave in a busy shopping mall C. A new graduate being interviewed for a job by eight high-level executives D. A top student excelling in a public spelling bee...