midterm chem 183 PDF

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CHEM MIDTERM II Study online at quizlet.com/_7evvnf 1.

According to Mechoulam, why does THC affect the human body as such?

It resembles natural mood elevating neurotransmitters

14.

How can thorazine treat schizophrenia?

It is sedative and blocks dopamine receptors

2.

According to states such as California and the Netherlands, does cannabis increase driving accidents?

No evidence that it does

15.

How can you get high off of cow poop?

Cow poop contains methane fumes

16.

Naloxone

3.

According to theory what causes brain injury?

Brain injury or bacterial infections (in children)

How can you prevent an overdose?

17.

4.

Can schizophrenia be cured?

No, you can only modify the symptoms with persistent medication to help them lead normal lives

How did Barry Kidston develop catatonic schizophrenia?

by making impure batches of MPPP which had MPTP residue which kills the part of the brain where dopamine is concentrated

18.

5.

can we claim that marijuana is medicinal?

No because you cannot use cancer patients in proper clinical trial due to ethics committees

How did Henri Laborit create thorazine?

He played molecular roulette with Phenergan

19.

How did John Cade discover lithium carbonate?

Took manic prisoner's urine and injected it into guinea pigs, which made uric acid and neutralized it

20.

How did morphine get its name?

From Greek mythology. Morpheus was the god of sleep.

21.

How did Nathan Kline bring MAO inhibitors to treat OCD?

He saw the potential treatment for depression in iproniazid which was originally used for lung infections.

22.

How do amphetamines interfere with neurotransmitter activity?

Stimulates the nervous system by squeezing norepinephrine and dopamine out of vessels

23.

How do amphetamines work?

by increasing the release of dopamine

24.

How do anesthetics work?

nerve cell absorbs the agent

25.

how does cocaine work?

concentration of dopamine by blocking reuptake tranmission in neurons

26.

How do neuroleptics interfere with neurotransmitter activity?

blocks dopamine receptor

27.

How do tricyclics interfere with neurotransmitter activity?

prevents the reuptake of serotonine

6.

Can we measure pain?

No

7.

Can you mix alcohol or barbiturates with antianxiety agents?

No. This could lead to a central nervous system depression.

8.

Did Prozac cause Joseph Wecker to commit a mass shooting?

No, prozac doesn't cause people to harm others, depressive suicidal thoughts cause people to harm others and themselves

9.

Does Coca Cola have cocaine?

It originally had traces. Today there is none because the leaves are extracted before being sold

10.

Does legalizing marijuana deter opioid addictions?

Yes

11.

historically, who used cannabis seeds as currency?

Ancient China

12.

How can OCD be treated?

Drug therapy (prozac, anafranil, st-john's wart) behavioural therapy (confrontation for bodily adaptation) transcranial magnetic stimulation MAO inhibitors

13.

How can resperine treat schizophrenia?

causes excess dopamine to leak out of vesicle and not the synapse

28.

How do you make lithium carbonate?

Uric acid neutralized into salt

29.

How is free base cocaine made?

You revert the process. add a base to reconvert it into pure form to make it soluble with a base (ether) and evaporate it into pure cocaine

30.

31.

46.

What are designer drugs?

synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs but that have been altered so that they are not illegal because they have never existed yet

47.

What are endorphins?

"Biological morphine". They produce highs in our body that make us coherent despite pain

How is marijuana made?

Dried up leaves from the plant, cut and rolled into a joint to be smoked

48.

How is meth made?

starting material such as cold medecine and converted into crystals with ammonia fertilizer

What are hallucinogens?

psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

49.

What are neurotransmitters?

chemical messengers from one nerve that stimulate activity in the second nerve

50.

What are preanesthetic medications?

medication taken to block secretions during operations

51.

What are stimulants?

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

32.

How is morphine made?

purified flower gum extract

33.

How is valium produced?

Final step of molecular roulette of mephemism, milltown, librium.

34.

How many people die yearly from Fentanyl in the US?

70 000. 7 per hour.

35.

How was cannabis brought into Europe?

Napoleonic War

52.

What are street drugs?

Drugs that are used for recreational purposes, not for medical ones

36.

How was cannabis viewed by the 20th century?

It was poorly viewed and associated with criminal activity

53.

What are the different compounds found in cannabis?

sativa, indica, ruderalis which all produce different chemicals

37.

In the 18th century, how were patients induced with anesthetics?

They were saturated with a cloth or a sponge and put over the patients face like a mask.

54.

What are the most used anesthetics?

morphine and opium

55.

seizures, strokes, cardiac arrythmia

38.

is codeine addictive?

Not if it is managed properly

What are the potential risks of cocaine?

39.

Is marijuana a pain reliever?

CBD is linked with pain relieving properties.

56.

hypothermia, confusion, increase heart rate, depression, anxiety

40.

Is morphine a gateway drug?

Yes. 60% of morphine addicts end up using heroine.

what are the side effects of ecstasy?

57.

Is OCD limited to humans?

No

What are the side effects of lithium carbonate?

Nausea, trembling hands

41.

42.

is oxycontin a gate way addiction?

Yes. 75% of addicts will switch to heroine.

58.

What are the side effects of LSD?

feeling disjointed, body coming apart, light headed, feeling like you can fly

43.

Is prozac effective?

Yes. Even people without depression like it

59.

addiction, anorexia, insomnia, anxiety...

44.

Prior to anesthetics, how were injuries treated if you couldn't save the wound?

Amputations

What are the side effects of OxyContin?

60.

What are the side effects of the inhibitors in Prozac?

nausea, anxiety, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunctions

what are amphetamines?

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

61.

What are the side effects of thorazine?

Parkinson-like side effects

45.

62.

What are the side effects of tricyclics?

dry mouth, blurred vision, irregular heart rate

63.

what are the two main cannabinoids

THC & CBD

64.

What are tricyclics?

3 compound antidepressants

65.

What can CBD crossreact with because it is metabolized with p450 enzymes?

Coumadin (preventing coagulation of blood). Combined, it won't get metabolized and lead to hemorrhage

What can cross-react with iproniazid (MAO inhibitor)?

Tyramine in cheese. Build up causes hyper tension and can lead to strokes.

67.

What can dopamine deficiency lead to?

Parkinson's disease

68.

What can dopamine excess lead to?

Schizophrenia

69.

what can ecstasy be laced with?

ketamine

70.

What can we learn from Galvani, Volta and Aldini?

Our nervous system functions through electric impulses

71.

What causes schizophrenia?

Excess amount of dopamine activity in the brain

72.

What clothing brand uses hemp in their products?

Levi Jeans

73.

What commercial products contain OxyContin?

Percocet

74.

What condition prevents people from feeling normal pain?

Congenital analgesia

What did 33 000 prisoners of of the Civil War die of in Anderson Prison?

Morphine addiction

76.

What did Alessandro Volta explain for the frog legs quivering?

The frog legs acted as a conductor between two metals which produced elecricity.

77.

What did Dr. Crawford Williamson Long popularize?

Ether. Removed two tumours with ether, and is credited as the father of anesthetics.

78.

What did Russell Reynolds suggest cannabis could help with?

migraines, epilepsy, spasm, nerve and muscle pain

66.

75.

79.

What did the Opium Wars produce?

Introduced opiom to many countries, which produced aspirin and lycetol

80.

What did William G. Morton accomplish?

He performed the first public demonstration with the use of anesthetics (ether)

81.

What did witches rub their broom sticks on to hallucinate?

Belladonna plant

82.

What do caffeine, strychnine and cocaine have in common?

they are stimulants

83.

What does lithium carbonate do?

It has a calming effect. It interferes with inositol synthesis (chemical causing internal message to nerve cells)

84.

What drugs are preanesthetic?

atropine, demorol, valium

85.

What happened when Luigi Galvani saw that the frog legs quivered upon contact with the metal fence?

Contact between two metal effected the nerves

86.

What imposed enormous fines on those engaging in the use of marijuana?

Marijuana Tax Act of 1937

87.

What inspired Mary Shelley write Frankenstein?

She was inspired by Giovanni Aldini's demonstrations where he appeared to bring a body back to life.

88.

What is a commonly used antidepressant?

Prozac

89.

What is acute pain?

Pain that results from a specific injury and goes away with time

90.

What is adrenaline/epinephrine?

neurotransmitter that increases heart speed, found in EpiPens

91.

What is ammonium nitrate?

an explosive fertilizer. Nitrous oxide + 2 water molecules.

92.

What is a modern drug full of antibodies bind to pain molecules and act as inhibitors?

Monoclonal Antibodies (MAB)

93.

What is an intravenous anesthetic?

anesthetic tubes going into veins.

94.

What is another name for free base cocaine?

crack

95.

What is anxiety?

a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease that is out of proportion to the stimulus

112.

What is herbal ecstasy?

sold as safe but is impure. often sold for weight loss

96.

what is carfentanyl?

made from molecular roulette from fentanyl, it is 10 000 times more potent than morphine and can bring down an elephant with one dart

113.

what is heroine?

outcome of molecular roulette from morphine. even more addictive and euphoric

What is CBD?

Non-psychoactive compound in cannabis that contains bodily receptors and provides various therapeutic effects

114.

What is hormesis?

Radiobiologic evidence that suggests that a little bit of radiation is good for you.

115.

What is in camel poop?

Enkephalin which has 5 amino acids that stimulate morphine

98.

What is chloroform?

A carcinogen anesthetic found by James Simpson

116.

What is letheon?

River in hell that makes you forget everything. William G. Morton referred ether as such.

99.

What is chronic pain?

Pain that persists 117.

What is LSD?

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid, produced from ergot fungus

100.

What is cocaine?

Highly addictive stimulant that is obtained from the leaves of the coca bush

118.

What is mania?

bipolar. mood goes cyclically from manic to depressive

101.

What is Demerol?

opiod narcotic discovered by Otto Eisleb by analyzing the structure of acetylcholine

119.

Appetite stimulant, anticonvulsive, depression, pain

102.

What is depression?

A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness without appropriate trigger

what is marijuana LINKED with helping?

120.

What is depression caused by?

low dopamine/serotonin levels

what is mental illness?

a chemical imbalance of the brain

103.

121.

What is dopamine?

neurotransmitter that regulates pleasure, behaviour, mood

What is meth?

street drug for amphetamines.

104.

122.

105.

What is ecstasy?

combination of methamphetamines and hallucinogens/euphoria

What is morphine?

Narcotic from the opioid family used for pain relief

123.

106.

What is Epidiolex?

purified cannabidiol extracted from CBD. Approved medication for epileptic seizures in children

What is Naloxone?

Antagonistic medication used to block addictive effects of opioids.

124.

what is naloxone?

an opioid antagonist

107.

What is ether?

ethanol + heat + sulfuric acid. It is extremely inflammatory

125.

108.

what is fake pot?

Synthesized cannabinoid made by people with minimal chemistry training which is sold on the street in a higher dosage, along with higher risks.

What is nitrous oxide?

Pain anesthetic. Often referred to as "laughing gas", made from nitrogen and oxygen molecule.

126.

Dental surgeries and propellant in whipped cream cans

What is fentanyl?

A synthetic anesthetic that is 100x more potent than morphine and is addictive on a small doses

What is nitrous oxide still used for today?

127.

What is OCD?

110.

What is Fool's Stone theory?

Stone of the brain is the reason for mental illness and had to be surgically removed

anxiety disorder in which people suffer from recurrent obsession that make them feel driven to so something repetitively: compulsions

128.

111.

What is free base cocaine?

Most dangerous form of the drug.

What is opium?

A narcotic that contains morphine , poppy and codeine.

129.

What is OxyContin?

Opioid anesthetic that is addictive, but approved by the FDA. Introduced to be a better alternative to morphine

97.

109.

130.

What is propofol?

thymol + phenol = anesthetic sedative

146.

What is trepanation?

131.

What is prozac?

antidepressant that elevates serotonin levels through reuptake inhibitors

Drilling a hole in the skull to release demons. Method believed to provide pain relief.

147.

What is valium?

Anti-anxiety drug that has a sleeping effect. Increases activity of GABA and latches onto cells to prevent messages from tavelling

148.

What motivated Henri Laborit to try antihistamine medication in anesthetic surgeries.

anesthetic surgeries entailed a high death toll, and maybe it was because of an allergic reaction

149.

What produces thebaine that can be bioengineered into morphine?

Modified yeast

150.

What type of drug that provides pain relief?

Anesthetics

151.

What was Amanda Fielding's theory for trepanation?

Because of evolution, our brain isn't used to being so high and we need trepanation to help blood circulate

132.

What is Sativex?

mixture of CBD/THC to treat neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis

133.

What is schizophrenia?

a condition in which there is a loss of contact with reality that is characterized by visual and auditory hallucinations as well as delusions of persecutions

134.

What is serotonin?

neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, hunger

135.

what is synthetic LSD, known as angel dust?

phencylclidine

136.

What is synthetic THC?

pure form of THC extracted from the plant itself. You get the pure compound, not the plant extract

137.

What is thebaine?

Compound with similar structure to opioids that is found in morphine.

138.

What is the benefit of using MAB's?

They aren't addictive

152.

What was found in Mrs. Winslow's soothing syrup?

Heroine

139.

What is the downside of ether?

Too much can kill the patient.

153.

What was the first anesthetic?

Ether

154. 140.

What is the first device used for pain relief?

Lebenswecker (life awakener). It is a footlong medi...