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SPC 1017; Mark Ziegler...

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10/17/18

SPC 1017

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Exam #1 Review: Ch. 1: Communication Model: - Sender and a receiver - Change roles - Playing both sender and receiver at the same time - The message travels between them • Verbal: the words said • Non-verbal: how words are said and every other cue • Conscious vs. non-conscious • Intentional vs. unintentional - Message goes through a channel: • Senses • Technological channels - Noise: things that impede the message • Semantic noise: “oh shit”; things you don’t understand • Psychological/Internal noise: things going on in your brain; how you feel • Physical/external noise: plane flying over; loud music - Feedback Loop: letting the other person know how the conversation is going • Ex: smile, nod, etc. • Efficacy in communication can be judged by how well they receive feedback - Set in a context • Levels of communication in the field: - Intrapersonal: to yourself - Interpersonal: you and another person - Small group communication: 3-12 people; optimal number: 5-7 - Public communication: you and an audience (10+ people) - Mass communication: changed a lot recently because of technology; instantaneous - Inter-cultural communication: all communication; overlays all other types - Essence of communication is making meaning, and meaning is jointly created between the sender and the receiver. Communication as a transaction: - No definite beginnings or endings; all communication has a past, present, and future • Allows you to determine your potential as an effective communication - Participation and communication is continuous and simultaneous • You cannot not communicate • Always communicating • Does not have to have intention to communicate • Receiver phenomenon

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• Gave idea to political correctness - Communicators play roles: • How do you play your role • Ex: student, intern, etc. - 5 elements that characterize your communication: • Respect • Empathy • Tolerance • Flexibility • Interaction management

- Interactive communication management: • Posture • Comfort • Appropriate role • Willing to self-disclose - Strategic Flexibility (SF): expanding your communication repertoire to enable you to use the best skill of behavior available for a particular situation • 6 steps: anticipate, assess, evaluate, select, apply, reassess, reevaluate - Creativity: the capacity to synthesize vast amounts of info and wrestle with complex problems • Frees you to generate possibilities - Active Open-Mindedness (AOM): a tool designed to help readers digest, master, and use knowledge - Ethical Communication: honest, fair, and considerate of others’ rights • Underlying 7 principles: themes of caring and responsibility Communication Definition: - A social process - Symbolic: arbitrary - There is a context - Meaning is created - Communication is a process: no definite beginnings and endings

Ch. 2: Self and Communication; Reflected Appraisals and Self Perception; Self impact on Perception: - How self is created: • Reflected appraisals: when you interact with someone, you get a snapshot of how they see you through the interaction; a big part of how you develop your self concept - Women pay more attention and use more reflected appraisal info than men do • Social comparisons: comparing yourself to others;

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- Ex: Academics, abilities, etc. - Men pay more attention to this than women • Self perception: as we get older, this becomes most important When ^ put together, it creates perceptual filters: • Select info • Organize info • Interpret info Perceptual process: • Selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. • Perceptions are less than perfect because of deletions, distortions, and generalizations Implicit personality theory: occurs when you construct a picture (theory) of what people’s personalities are, based on the qualities revealed in their behavior. Attribution theory: takes place when you devise explanations (theories) about other people’s behavior so that you can understand whatever is taking place.

Myers-Briggs/Kiersey: - Extroverts vs. introverts - Sensing vs. intuitive - Thinking vs. feeling - Judging vs. perceiving: • Choosing when to make a decision • Judging: make a decision now • Perceiving: choose at the last minute Speeches: Speech topic selection and narrowing: - The main problem is choosing a topic that’s too broad - Brainstorm - Find what you’re passionate about General purpose, specific purpose, and central idea: - Guides work: what is general purpose? - General: • Inform • Persuade • Etc. - Specific purpose: • Statement of your topic - “To inform my audience about …” - Central idea: • Main point • 3-5 points in a speech: rule of thumb

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Research practices for speech writing: - Research is much easier now - Technology - Sources, the more you have the higher your credibility - Site 3-5 during speech

Introduction, Body, and Conclusion: - Introduction: • Grab attention • Rhetorical question, story, quote, etc. • Today we’re talking about… • Preview points - Transition - Body: • Tell audience your message • Major points • Minor points • Transition in between each point - Transition - Conclusion: • Tell audience message again • Re-engage audience Reference list: - Everything you’ve used in writing your speech Delivery: - Characteristics of good delivery: • Conversation with audience • Immediacy: focused on communication situation - You know communication model, definition, etc. • Idea of Intentive-ness: - Completely focused on the moment • Direct: - Natural - Straightforward - Types: • Impromptu: job interview; give you a topic and need to speak • Speaking from a manuscript: write out speech and present to an audience; good when speaking to press, etc. • Memory: - Good to use memory/manuscript combination - Goals:

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SPC 1017

• Extemporaneous: speaking from notes or an outline • Introduction, transitions, conclusion should be fully written out

Visual Aids: - Complements, not supplements Informative Speech Specifics: Want audience to: - Be engaged - Understand - Remember what was said - To do this: • Give descriptions, examples, and explanations Intercultural Communication: - Why we study it: • Understand identity • Become better citizens • Understand problems • Uncertainty • Femininity vs. masculinity • Power distance • Long term vs. short term • Barriers: keep us from engaging in conversation - Ethnocentrism: “my ethnicity is the best” - Stereotypes - Prejudice - Discrimination - Ways to overcome barriers: • Assimilation • Incorporation

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