Midterm Review Summarized PDF

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Midterm Review Summarized 1. Sarah Ahmed – Feminism is Sensational  Afect theorist – negative emotion  Feminism as a feeling (negativity/ frustration), feminism as a disturbance, naming problems o Killjoy 2. Simone de Beauvoir – The Second Sex  French Anti foundationalist o Identity is socialized characteristics, no content or universal description o Not born, but becomes a woman Subject and Other – women can’t self- identify as subject o Partially blames women for being complicit to Other  Feminism as disturbance (like Ahmed)  Critiques – doesn’t consider intersectionality, towards middle class, universal idea 3. Audre Lorde – The Master’s Tool will Never Dismantle the Master’s House

Writes about intersectionality before it was given a term Rejects tolerance of black women by white women – acceptance over tolerance Title – need new creative ways of revolution, don’t play by rules 4. Audre Lorde – The Uses of Anger  Against guilt (past) Relationship between anger, racism, and feminism  Women responding to racism = women responding to anger o Need to know info 5. Connections Between Lorde and Beauvoir  Beauvoir acknowledged that (white) women have been separated along the boundaries of race and class o When women don’t have shared past  Lorde accepts Beauvoir’s argument as her starting position but spins it such that the white-exclusivity of feminism is highlighted 6. Emily Martin – The Egg and the Sperm: How Science has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male Female Roles  Reproductive science relies on stereotypes and metaphors

 Method – discourse analysis  Menstruation stigma – symbol of failed pregnancy, wasteful, debris  New research, old imagery – egg and sperm more egalitarian but still relies on hierarchal, gendered language 7. Anne Fausto Sterling – Why Sex is Not a Binary Gender and sex bound where you can’t separate one from the other Advocate for rights of intersex Seven layers of biological sex, each layer representing a diferent facet of sexual variation New research – sex development is “the balance of power among gene networks acting together or in a particular sequence” 8. Queer Theory Builds upon feminist challenges to the idea that gender is part of the essential self and upon gay/ lesbian studies’ close examination of the socially constructed nature of sexual acts and identities  Goal is to act as a lens or tool to deconstruct the existing

monolithic social norms and taxonomies “Individual sexuality is a fuid, fragmented, and dynamic collectivity of possible sexualities and it may vary at diferent points during ones life” – Butler 9. Judith Butler – Imitation and Gender Insubordination Butler is uncomfortable with the terms by which she has been asked to contribute (“The Gay and Lesbian Studies Reader) – concerned that she has been gathered under identarian terms, used to normalize people  Identities or categories presuppose their opposite  Terms are “catachrestic” (naming something that doesn’t have an essence to it) Gender performativity – doesn’t believe in a human subject who is born with gendered or sexual essence encoded into their being o Gender and sexuality is the name we give to a life long series of repetitive behaviors...