MMW 11 Picture ID PDF

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Summary

Professor Herbst. All picture identifications for midterm and final exam...

Description

These patterned depictions of animals and possibly even voluptuous women may have gradually merged with the people of the Vedas. (not v important)

Drinkers at Greek symposion. Sitting men drink watered-down wine from shallow bowls (cylix) while slave on the left fetches more wine from communal krater and musician plays flute.

Plato: wine = good way to assess one’s character. Had a philosophy for drinking. Dude was also suspicious of democracy.

Alexander the Great. Sandstone head from Egyptian Alexandria. You can find these throughout Asia. Style shows evidence of Hellenization.

Bronze sculpture of Queen Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy II of Egypt. Represented as daughter of Amun in temple reliefs. Even so, the style is very much Greek.

Temple of Horus and Edfu. The Ptolemies were also depicted in the traditional iconography. This was a 2 centuries long building program.

Cleopatra VII and son Caesarion (son of Julius Caesar) offer incense at the temple of goddess Hathor and Dendera. Importance is that Cleopatra was Macedonian but learned Egyptian and embraced the culture. Did not fall into the pocket of Greeks in a sea of natives.

Demetrius I of Macedonia. Example of how successors of Alexander portrayed themselves as the ideal form of physical beauty. First half of xenophobia.

Peasant sharpening scythe. Hellenistic era. Underclasses are portrayed as caricatures with misshapen faces because of xenophobia.

Statue of Maitreya, a Bodhisattva, from 1st century AD Gandhara.Shows Greek influence/ Hellenization in India.

Head of Hermes from gymnasium pillar in Ai Khanum, a Greek enclave on Oxus River, in modern-day Afghanistan. Again, Hellenization in the form of gymnasiums and pockets of Greek communities in otherwise very Asian regions.

Temple of Apollo at Didyma - part of network of Greek settlements along the coast of Asia minor. Again, Hellenization.

Left: Antimachus I, Greek ruler of the enclave of Bactria. His portrait for his coin is classical and “fine”. Right: Menander, a Greek ruler and convert to Buddhism. These two coins show the eventual acceptance of Indian ways as Menander is depicted in a common Indian style.

Antiochus IV: Intolerant of Judaism but we can’t consider him Antisemitic. He provoked the national revolt of the Maccabees.

Mosaic from Pompeii of actors performing scene from Greek comedy. This is a copy of a 3rd-century BC painting from Pergamum. This shows Roman enthusiasm for Greek culture but it is known that they were not too fond of the Greeks themselves.

Mohenjo-Daro: This was a planned city built of fired mud-brick. Streets were straight and the city had covered drainpipes installed to carry out waste. From this we can tell that early Indian political elites had power to organize large-scale building projects.

Bronze sword: rib in the middle of the blade for strength. Superior weapons gave Aryans military advantage and contributed to Aryan dominance in North India.

Gandharan Frieze depicting the Buddha: Carved stone from ca. 200 C.E. One of a series portraying scenes from life of Buddha. The Buddha is seated below the bo tree, where he was first enlightened.

The God Vishnu: Vishnu is depicted coming to the rescue of an elephant in the clutches of a crocodile. This is from the 5th century C.E. Dasavatara Temple in Uttar Pradesh. Vishnu is the preserver god.

A stucco figure excavated from a site in eastern Afghanistan (Gandhara). This Greco-Buddhist sculpture clues us in on its Hellenistic influence by the drape of the clothing and the modeling of the head. Alexander the Great’s army reached Gandhara and Hellenistic states then controlled it for over a century.

The North Gate at Sanchi: This is one of four ornately carved gates guarding stupa at Sanchi in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It contains relics of the Buddha, originally commissioned by Ashoka, but the gateways were added later. (add how Ashoka was dedicated to Buddhism)

Mycenaean Dagger Blade: Gold and silver on blade of iron dagger. Depicts hunters armed with spears and protected by shields defending themselves against charging lions. Mycenaeans were robust, warlike people who enjoyed hunting. (Comparable to Assyrians and depicting their rulers fighting lions, contrastable to Minoans who were not warlike at all)

Spartan Hoplite: Bronze figurine of armed soldier about to thwart an enemy. The massive helmet with full crest protects his head, a metal corselet covers his chest and back, and greaves (shin guards) cover his shins. IN his right hand is a spear (broken off) and in his left is a large round shield.

Hetaera and Young Man: This scene is found inside a drinking cup. A hetaera holds the head of an intoxicated young man. These sexual and comic scenes were common on Greek pottery especially since this was most likely used for private dinner parties. Wives did not enter a symposia but hetaerae and entertainers were hired to perform for the males.

Metal Plate from Ay Khanoum: Made in Bactrian city of Ay Khanoum in 2nd century BCE. Probably depicts goddess Cybele being pulled in chariot led by lions with the sun god above. Cybele is an earth-mother goddess. Worship of her spread into Greece from Turkey and was then spread by Greeks who traveled and migrated.

Isis and Horus: This is a small statue from Egypt. Isis is shown suckling her son. Worship of her spread through the Hellenistic world b/c her followers believed she offered them life after death like how she brought Osiris back to life....