Mod 9- Adventitious Breath Sounds PDF

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Crackles (AKA Rales): ● Heard with build up of phlegm/mucus/fluid in lungs ● High pitched, discontinuous sound ○ Sounds staticy ● Usually heard at end of inspiration ● Typically does not clear with coughing ● Classified by relative coarseness: ○ Fine ○ Medium ○ Coarse Pneumonia: ● Can hear crackles in pneumonia patients ● Alveolar air space is filled with air/mucus ○ “Area of consolidation” ● Hear bronchial breath sounds in areas of consolidation but vesicular everywhere else Pulmonary Edema ● Patient develops crackles as a result of excess of fluid accumulation in alveoli ● If person has great deal of fluid, crackles become more coarse over time ● As we treat patient and fluid is leaving lungs, crackles will then start to reverse ● A patient who has pulmonary edema will complain about being short of breath, have lower O2 saturation rate, and productive cough Wheeze: ● High pitched, continuous ● Musical, squeaking ○ Whistle sound ● Heard on both inspiration and expiration ● Air is being forced through narrow airways (swelling, tumor, etc.) ● Usually louder on expiration Asthma: ● Asthmatic patient will have wheeze ● Affects people of all ages ● Asthmatic attack due to any trigger ○ Airway narrow, muscles around airway constrict, lungs swell ○ Lead to shortness of breath and chest tightness Stridor: ● High pitched crowing sound on inspiration ● Associated with upper airway obstruction and croup ● Usually heard with inspiration Croup:

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Childhood viral illness associated with stridor (inspiration) and barking sound on expiration Croup itself does not affect lungs but swells through and upper airways

Rhonchi: ● Low pitched, continuous ● Snoring or rumbling ● Usually heard during inspiration and expiration ● May clear with coughing

Pleural Friction Rub: ● Low pitched, dry grating sound ● Caused by rubbing of inflamed pleural surfaces ● Heard during inspiration and expiration Pleurisy: ● Condition where you would hear Pleural Friction Rub ● Inflammation of lung lining surfactant ● Painful and shallow breathing Pleural Effusion: ● Diminished or absent breath sounds or affected areas ● Won't have abnormal breath sounds but diminished or no breath sounds Pneumthorax: ● Collapsed lung ● Collection of air in space around lung, putting pressure on lung and it is not able to expand ● Wouldn’t hear any breath sounds on the affected side and normal on other side...