Modes of formation of subjects according to library classification PDF

Preview

Summary

Modes of formation of subjects according to library classification...

Description

MODES OOFF FORMATION AND DE DEVELOPMENT VELOPMENT OOFF SUBJECTS

1

Why should we know the modes of formation of subjects? 1)

The problem of growing universe of universe of subjects - as a result of Information explosion and exponential growth of subjects

2)

The problem of accommodation of newly emerging basic subjects in the classification schemes

The growing number of basic subjects in CC is illustrated: 1st edition (1933) enlists a mere two dozens of basic subjects, while the 7th edition (1987) enlists 779 basic subjects. Solutions: 1)

Revision of classification schemes A classification scheme may be revised to accommodate the newly emerging subjects. But it requires a strong central organization with solid financial and professional backing. Revision, printing and publishing may take a lot of time, efforts and other resources. Delay in revision, printing and publishing may hamper the technical processing of the documents dealing with the newly emerging subjects. These documents cannot be processed till such subjects are accommodated in the revised classification scheme.

2)

An in-depth study of such basic subjects to recognize different modes of formation of subjects and then categorise the modes into a few patterns at a near-seminal or conceptual level.

The problem of growing universe of subjects would be solved by two steps: 1) Modes of formation of subjects 2) Arrangement of subjects in a helpful sequence Modes of Formation of Primary Basic Subjects (PBS): Primary basic subjects are the subjects of the First Order Array of the division of the universe of subjects. It is the list of Basic Subjects (Main Classes) given in the schedule of CC on 2.4 page.  Fission  Fusion  Distillation of kind 1  Distillation of kind 2 

Clustering

Fission 2

Fission is the process of division or splitting or breaking up into parts. The first order of Main Subjects in CC is formed by fission. They are designated as traditional MS. The traditional MS appear to fall into the following four broad groups in CC Universe of Subjects

Science

Arts

Humanities

Science – Mathematics – Physics – Engineering – Chemistry – Biology – Botany – Agriculture – Zoology – Medicine Arts – Useful Arts – Mysticism – Fine Arts – Architecture – Music – Painting – Sculpture Humanities – Literature – Linguistics – Religion – Philosophy – Psychology 3

Social Science

Social Science – Education – Geography – History – Political Science – Economics – Sociology – Law Arrangement of subjects by fission by three principles of helpful sequence: 1. Decreasing predictability/ increasing richness of contents 2. Principle of Pure Discipline – Applied Discipline 3. Principle of increasing artificiality / decreasing naturalness

Fusion As a result of interdisciplinary research, subjects associated with two different MS combine together and new subjects of interdisciplinary nature are developed. This process of emerging new subjects of interdisciplinary nature due to combination of two different MS is called Fusion. It seems to be helpful for this emerging field to have the status of a new MS to the convenience of this group of specialists. Such newly emerging MS is called Fused MS. During past few decades, a number of such Fused MS have gathered much literary output and placed in the schedule of MS in CC 7th ed. Eg:  Astronomy + Physics  Astronomy + Chemistry  Astronomy + Biology

= Astrophysics = Astrochemistry = Astrobiology

 Geology + Physics  Geology + Chemistry  Geology + Biology

= Geophysics = Geophysics = Geobiology

Eg:

Eg:  Library Science + Statistics = Librametrics  Political Science + Statistics = Polimetrics  Economics + Statistics = Econometrics

Arrangement of fused basic subjects: 4

The affinity of the fused MS is correlated with that of the two host Main Subjects, to find out with which MS, the core entity of the Fused MS has got more affinity. The Fused MS is put as an adjunct to the MS with which it has got more affinity. The MS with which the fused MS has got more affinity is determined by the criteria: If fused MS is represented, earlier to fusion, as a complex subject of the two MS with Bias, Influence relation, the phase I MS is taken to have more affinity with the fused MS. Fused MS is put as an adjunct to the Phase 1 MS in the relation i.e. Biased MS, and Influenced MS

A helpful sequence of fused Main Subjects among themselves is generally determined by two principles. 1. Principle of Increasing Concreteness Astronomy

Geology

Astrophysics

Geophysics

Astrochemistry

Geochemistry

Astrobiology 2. Principle of Scheduled Mnemonics Linguistics Biolinguistics Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics The sequence of fused main subjects is running parallel to the schedule of main subjects in CC.

Distillation of Kind I It is the mode of formation in which an isolate idea denoting a practice - in - action develops into a new subject. Management, Research, Conference etc. Observations, experiments and experiences of these practice-in-action isolates in diverse fields will be leading to formulate certain guiding principles which put together constitute a theory/generalization Management of universities Management of industries Management of libraries 5

The practice – in – isolate ‘Management’ in diverse fields such as education, economics, library service, science research etc. over a period of time will be leading to certain generalization and theories on Management. Further study and research on this theory generate more ideas, bringing out a good deal of literature and making it convenient and helpful to put them under a new MS ‘Management studies’. This is called Distilled MS of Kind I Let us take another practice – in – isolate Research in diverse fields like Research in economics Research in education Research in library science Research in sociology The practice-in-isolate ‘Research’ in diverse fields over a period of time gradually develops into a new Distilled MS ‘Research Methodology’ In the last few decades, several such Distilled MS have been formulated and are included in the Schedule of CC 7th ed. Information science Library science Book science Management science Research methodology Conference techniques Arrangement of distilled basic subjects of kind I Distilled MS of Kind I precede the traditional MS and put at the beginning of the schedule of MS in CC 7th edition because they are derived from the traditional MS and can be associated with all the traditional MS. Distilled MS of kind I deal with either ‘service’ aspect or ‘methodology’ aspect. Principle of Later-in-time Distilled MS dealing with ‘service’ aspect are put first in the schedule and followed by the Distilled MS dealing with ‘methodology’ aspect because the ‘services’ emerged earlier than the pure disciplines with ‘methodology’ aspect. Distilled MS with ‘service’ aspect are placed at the very beginning of the schedule in CC 7 th edition in accordance with the principle of later-in-time. Principle of General to Specific Distilled MS of kind I with ‘service’ aspect are arranged according to the principle of General to Specific in CC 7th ed. 6

01 Information science 1 Universe of subjects 2 Library science 3 Book science 3V Reading methods 3X Notes taking 3Y5 Mass communication 4 Journalism 5 Exhibition techniques 6 Museology Principle of Scheduled Mnemonics Distilled MS with ‘methodology’ aspect are arranged by the principle of scheduled mnemonics 9b Career 9c Metrology 9d Standardization 9e Specification methodology 9f Research methodology 9g Evaluation methodology 9p Conference technique 9t Commission technique This arrangement is running parallel to the schedule of common isolates in CC 7th ed. They are denoted with the same semantically rich digits used to denote the common isolates from which these MS are distilled out.

Distillation of kind 2 For some sociological and academic reasons, a particular isolate occurring in a traditional MS becomes the focus of study, generating a good deal of research and literary output, and ultimately develops into new MS called Distilled MS of kind 2 Cell (MS Biology)

Population (MS Sociology)

Cytology

Demography

Arrangement of distilled basic subjects of kind 2: Principle of Later-in-time G Biology GT Cytology Cytology is placed as an adjunct to the host MS Biology according to the Principle of later-intime. Y YT

Sociology Demography 7

Clustering It is a mode of formation of subjects as a result of new trend of research. It is a process of formation in which an isolate idea becomes the focus of study from the point of view different subjects. Examples: India (a space isolate)

Indology

Indology is a subject formed by clustering in which a single isolate ‘India’ becomes the focus of study by Mathematicians, Geographers, Political Scientists, Sociologists, Economists etc. The literary output generated as result of such studies and research may be put together under a new Main Subject ‘Indology’ China

Sinology

Sinology is a subject bundle clustered from another space isolate ‘China’ West Asian Studies is a subject bundle clustered from a single space isolate ‘West Asia’ Subjects formed by this mode clustering is called ‘subject bundle’. A subject bundle comprehends subjects drawn from different disciplines pursued by different specialists. Subject bundles are formed by the following three types of studies: 1.

Area Studies

2.

Generalia Person Studies

3.

Entity / Phenomena Studies

Area Studies OU

Area Study

OU, 41

Sinology

OU, 42

Japan Studies

OU, 44

Indology

OU, 4

European Studies

OU, 73

American Studies

Generalia Persons Studies A person of national or international importance is studied by specialists in different subjects. OW Generalia Persons Study OW, M69 Gandhiana (born in1869) OW, N11 Regan Studies (1911) OW, N17 Indira Studies (1917) 8

Entity / Phenomena Studies A particular entity or phenomenon becomes the focus of study from the point of view of different subjects. The subject bundles of entity or phenomenon studies may be grouped into two categories: 1) Subject Bundles with wide range of input An entity or phenomenon becomes a focus of study with a wide range of input stretching from natural sciences to social sciences. Such subjects are more of general nature and therefore, are placed first in the schedule of Basic Subjects in CC 7edition OX Entity / Phenomenon study OX (C1, 111) study of time OX (E1, 118) Gold study OX (W; 18=L) (Peace Research) OX (Y; 3195) Leisure Research 2. Subject Bundles with restricted range of input Subject bundles are formed by studying an isolate / phenomenon with input subjects from natural sciences alone. An entity ‘soil’ is studied from the viewpoints of engineering, physics, chemistry, agriculture, microbiology etc. The research and literary output are put under a soil sciences ‘Soil Sciences’ A

Natural Sciences

AX

Entity / Phenomenon Study (with input restricted to Natural Sciences)

AXB Environmental Sciences AXC Surface Sciences AXD Soil Sciences AXE Material Sciences AXF

Hydro Sciences

____________________

9...