Module 12 - Global Migration PDF

Preview

Summary

Global MigrationThe students are expected to: Analyze the political, economic, cultural, and social factors underlying the global movements of people  Display first-hand knowledge of the experiences of the OFW’sGlobal Migration: Definitions and TypesMigration means crossing the boundary of a polit...

Description

Global Migration The students are expected to:  

Analyze the political, economic, cultural, and social factors underlying the global movements of people Display first-hand knowledge of the experiences of the OFW’s

Global Migration: Definitions and Types Migration means crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain minimum period (Boyle et al. 1998). boundary 1: Philippines boundary 2: south korea the movement of people from one place to another with the purpose of changing their residence, either temporary or permanently.

Internal migration - internal – within the country is the movement of people from one area such as a province, a district, or municipality to another within one country. BUBBLE NCR + bubble

Gapannuevaecija – boundary – checkpoint – Bulacan – boundary

International migration - outside your country - state to state - is the crossing the frontiers which separate one of the world’s approximately 200 states from another.  Many scholars argue that internal and international migration are part of the same process; they should be analyzed together.

border crossing NOT migration – tourism/business  The great majority of border crossings do not imply migration: most travelers are tourists or business visitors who have no intention of staying in the country for good.  International migration arises in a world divided up into nation-states, in which remaining in the country of birth is still seen as norm and moving to another country as a deviation.  Migration tends to be regarded as problematic. It has to be controlled and curbed, for it may bring unpredictable changes. -

political – education – changes – adjustments International migrants

Temporary labor migrants who migrate for a limited period of time in order to work and send remittances to families in the country of origin. Highly-skilled and business migrants people with qualifications such as the managers, executives, professionals, technicians, and the like, who move within the internal labor markets of transnational corporations and international organizations.

Irregular migrants Also known as the undocumented or illegal migrants. They enter the country in search for employment with no necessary documents and permits.

-

Refugees - those who are unable or unwilling to return to their country because of a ‘well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.’ – R-RN-SP - someone who has been recognised under the 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees to be a refugee. The definition of ‘refugee’ does not cover other individuals or groups of people who leave their country only because of war or other civil disturbance, famine, natural disasters or in order to seek a better life.

Asylum seekers - those who move across borders in search of protection. - -not because of persecution - just to seek for protection

Forced Migration (GENERAL ) -

not voluntary refugees – asylum seekers – all kinds of forced movements in a broader sense, this includes not only refugees and asylum seekers but also people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or development projects like new factories, roads or dams. Some reasons for forced migration  Drought - A single drought can spell disaster for communities whose lives and livelihoods rely on regular, successful harvests. In a number

of African countries where Concern works — including Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia — droughts have become increasingly severe, leaving millions of citizens without the ability to grow food. They rely on this food to feed themselves, their livestock, and their livelihoods. Family members also known as family reunion or family reunification migrants. Return migrants those who return to their countries of origin after a period in another country.

CAUSES OF MIGRATION 1. Disparity in levels of income - employment – compare salary here and in other countries - greener pasture 2. Employment - lack of jobs - 5 vacancy – 100 applicants – 95 of you – O 3. Social well-being - social issues 4. Differences in demographic patterns with regard to fertility, mortality, age-structure, and labor-force growth - global demography - working group > dependents - dependents > working group - fertility rate >  According to neo-classical economic theory, the main cause of migration is individual’s efforts to maximize their income by moving from low-wage to high-wage economies.  Migration decisions are made not just by individuals- they often represent family strategies to maximize income and survival chances. Two Factors of Migration: 1. Push Factor - any human or nature factors that encourage or force people to leave a settlement or residence. a. Social push factor

b. Political push factor c. Economic push factor d. Environmental push factor problem = push you out of the country

2. Pull Factor  any human or nature factors that attract people to live in a new residential area or location a. Social pull factor b. Political pull factor c. Economic pull factor d. Environmental pull factor 

your residence gives you enough - attractive offer outside that pulls you to it

The Volume of Contemporary Migration         

The United Nations figures show that the global migrant stock (the number of people resident in a place outside their country of birth) grew from 75 million in 1965 to 120 million in 1990. The 1990 figure was roughly equal to 2% of the world’s population. The number of migrants grew slightly faster than world population as a whole, but the annual growth rate of 1.9% for the whole period increasing to 2.6% from 1985-1990 was not dramatic. International migrants remain a fairly small minority.Internal migration, conversely, is much larger, For instance the number of internal migrants in India in 1981 was some 200 million, more than double the number of international migrants in the whole world at that time. The significance of migration as a major factor in societal change lies in the fact that it is concentrated in certain countries and regions. Migration affects certain areas within both the sending and the receiving countries more than others. Migration needs to take place in an orderly way to safeguard the human rights of migrants. Labor Code – POEA/ DOLE - LAWS to protect migrants

Reference: https://olfu.instructure.com/courses/74053/files/6753254? module_item_id=5876558...