MUNM 1743 The Music-Culture as a World of Music PDF

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Chapter 1. “The Music-Culture as a World of Music” Jeff Todd Titon and Mark Slobin Study Guide HES 1743-004 1. Why is music called a “universal phenomenon”? Universal phenomenon gets its meaning from culture. Culture is the way of life of people that are passed from generation to generation. 2. What is the difference between sound and music? Music is an art form that means different things and involves different activities among people in various societies, includes common elements like pinch, rhythm, textures, and more. Music and noise are ideas or concept that are made out of sound. Sound exists as an independent phenomenon in the world and music is not an “object” and separate, it’s humanly constructed. 3. What are the elements of the music-culture model? a. What is affect? Affect is the power to make an individual move, and place affective experience in the central circle model. b. What are some performance rules? The performance moves along on the basis of agreed-on rules and procedures. These rules enable the musicians to play together and make sense to each other and to the audience. c. How does community support affect the music? The community pays for and supports the music, whether directly with money or indirectly by allowing the performers to live as musicians. Community supports usually influence the future direction of the music. d. How does memory and history affect the music? The community is situated in history and borne by memory, official and unofficial, whether remembered or recorded or written down. Musical experiences, performances, and communities change over time and space; they have history, and that history reflects changes in the rules governing music as well as the effect of music on human relationships. 4. What are the four categories of music? Provide a definition of each. How do these categories interact with your life? Music and the belief system - music culture’s basic idea of the nature of human society, art, and the universe that it is embodied in rituals that try to reconcile love and hate, life and death, nature and the civilized Aesthetics - music cultures can be characterized by preferences in sound quality and performance practice, all of which are aesthetic discriminations Context - music culture in performance, how often, and occasion History - music culture passed along knowledge of music history mainly by word of mouth down through the generations, recordings, films, videotapes, and CD-ROM now allow us to

keep and re-hear musical performances 5. What is aesthetics? The aesthetic is a set of principles underlying and guiding the work of a particular artist or artistic movement. 6. What musical subcultures do you identify with? What music do you dislike? How is your taste/preference influenced by context, aesthetic, or belief system? I definitely identify with the musical subculture of ethnicity, I’m obsessed with Korean pop-songs. I listen to Korean music every day for the past decade. I appreciate the context, aesthetic, belief system and culture and differences from Western vs. Eastern music. 7. Do you believe there are social divisions within the U.S. Culture that can be analyzed through music behavior? Because of age and gender, children, women, men, and old people singing different songs and experience music differently, there is a social division within the U.S. culture that can be analyzed through music behavior. Racial, ethnic, and work groups also sing their own special song, and each group may be assigned its own musical role. 8. Be able to name and define the six basic parts to the repertories of music. Which part do you interact with most? How? Style includes organization of musical sound itself: pitch elements (scale, mode, melody, harmony, turning systems), time elements (rhythm, meter), timbre elements (voice quality, instrumental tone color), and sound intensity (loudness and softness). Genre is the standard units of the repertory such as song and its various subdivisions (e.g. lullaby, Christmas carol, wedding songs) or many types of instrumental music and dances. Text are words to a song, an intersection of two very different and profound human communication system: language and music. Composition is related to ideas about music: some music-culture divide music into songs composed by humans from deities, animals, and other nonhuman composers. Transmission is how music learned, transmitted from one generation to the next, the system of musical notations, learned information by imitation, and music changes over time. Movement is the whole range of physical activity that accompanies the music. 9. How can we experience ancient cultures through music? Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life, research into the material culture of music can help us understand ancient music, studying instruments, paintings, written documents, we can explore the movement of music and its influences. Which two questions were posited to you as you read? #7 and #9...