The Music of Indonesia PDF

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Music of Indonesia Key Terms: ● Colotomic Structure ● Slendro & Pelogs ● Metallophones ● Kebyar ● Balinese Musical Style ● Goo-laba ● Gamelan ● Pot Gongs ● Gong Composition ● Dangdut ● Kroncong ● Rhoma Irama 1. Geography a. Over 13000 islands. Arcobello: set of islands b. Will concentrate 2 of the islands: Java and Bali i. Sandwiched next to each other but very different ii. Java- generally sedate, VISIT PAGE 354 1. Rythms are simple 2. Standardized set 3. Vocal prominant iii. Bali- dynamic and extreme contrast 1. Rythms are fast 2. Whole bunch of types 3. Instrumental c. Each island developed their own culture d. Over 140 different languages e. Indonesian is usually the second language f. Motto: Unity in Diversity i. Accept diverse things g. Used to be referred to as Dutch East Indies 2. Musical Side a. Ritual and religion are big things b. Hindu and Buddhism are the main religions i. Some islamic influence 3. Java a. Very populus like New York State i. 150 million people b. Islamic influenced 4. Bali a. Very small

b. Blend of buddhism and hinduism beliefs 5. Both have ensembles that are drum and gongs a. Pot Gongs i. Look like cooking pots ii. Raised knob on top that is hit with mallet iii. Made out of bronze iv. Been around for 2000 to 3000 years b. Ensembles are played in cyclical fashion or in Colotomic Structure i. Things go round in round ii. Number of beats 8 beats in Gulaba iii. Accents on various patterns that are in sync iv. Some instruments may be modifying it v. Shows buddhist and hindu self control vi. Sometimes 512 beats in a cycle and repeat vii. Ended by a gong on the last beat viii. The higher the pitch, the more times it plays within a cycle c. Each gong/drum has its own pattern d. Goo-Laba Ensemble i. Island of Flores 1. Hymn singing is very common ii. Related to ancient gods and directly communicate with gods and powers iii. Everything has spirit and must appease the spirit 1. Sing a song 2. Call and Response 6. Gamelan a. Means: Musical Ensemble b. Set of instruments unified by playing style, decoration, and tuning style c. Each chief had its own gamelan i. Big Deal like in china d. Illegal to copy a gamelan and punishable by death e. Color scheme and decorations are the same f. Metallophone: like vibraphone used in Gamelan i. Intricately carved ii. Gold gilded or painted g. Players will dress in the same uniform h. Unique to each tribe i. Sit while playing j. Instruments are tuned to two categories i. Slendro: Has five tone scale 1. Unique intervals 2. Face forward to play ii. Pelog: Has seven tone scale 1. Quarter turn to the left to play iii. Shimmer: Sometimes put a couple of instruments are slightly out of tune

on purpose k. Java: i. No showing off or soloists. Same balance left and right ii. Over 200 players l. Bali: Kebyar i. Has dancers ii. Many different positions and snapping to another position iii. Follow the leader of the ensemble iv. Has tempo and volume changes m. Gong (3 to 4 feet big) i. Heart and soul of the ensemble ii. Handmade iii. Made by highest skilled metal worker iv. Gong always plays the last note of the colotomic cycle 7. Wayang Kulit a. Music for shadow puppet theater b. Little lace characters 12-16 inches tall on a stick c. Opaque screen with shadows d. One puppeteer handles all the characters and the gamelen i. Tells hindu myths, legends, and values e. Sometimes lasts 8-10 hours f. Genre held in high esteem g. Sometimes carried on the radio h. All about the dialog and storytelling abilities 8. More Contemporary Things a. Traditional music used to be taught by family member, but went away b. Schools took up the slack c. What you retained was the ability to play. d. Lost the traditional connection to the spirit and culture, but retained the art form so it didn’t completely dissapear 9. Pop music a. Kroncong: roots lay in 1600s to 1700s i. Portuguese sailors came through and settle in port areas ii. Portuguese ukulele sounding instrument iii. Jakarta is where it started iv. Popular amongst the low class v. Became very popular in the 50s and 60s vi. Changed lyrics from sailor lyrics to sentimental and nationalistic lyrics vii. Bengawan Solo: song about river considered to be beautiful thing 1. Romantic music b. Dangdut i. Style that is anamonopaeic ii. Sounds like tabla from India iii. Mixture of indian film music, western rock and roll, and middle eastern

music Designed to create pop music for the people in 70s King of Dangdut: Rhoma Irama 1. Islamic rock star vi. Hear tabla, scales, lyrics and western instruments Pop Berat i. Heavy Pop Pop Kreatif i. Creative pop Both during british glam-rock President of Indonesia’s son would perform this kind of music i. Make music for the common person by using unity by division ii. Stole/borrowed/ emulated pink floyd iii. Common person couldn’t see him perform iv. Can hear a lot of western influences Gambus i. Strong middle eastern influence ii. Named after instrument from arabic culture iii. Precursor to oud iv. Texts are islamic v. Played like vocals vi. Instrument and style Angklung i. Made out bamboo and shaken ii. Shake like handbell iii. Each one has multiple pitches iv. Can play melody iv. v.

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