Muscle morphogenesis - Summary of lectures, red text includes lecture dialogue or important additional PDF

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Muscle morphogenesis Muscle needs to organise fibres into specific way to get a functional muscle     

Image shows a mouse embryo halfway through the gestational period The regular structures along the body axis are called somites The Axial (skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage) and appendicular (pectoral, pelvic and limb bones) skeletal muscle are derived from embryonic structures called somites Somites are blocks of mesoderm (one of the 3 germ layers in early embryo) that form the vertebral column and associated musculature Somites in pairs, form either side of the notochord and neural tube (known as paraxial mesoderm) which will eventually form the spinal cord

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The embryos between many species look similar (shows that the processes which control human, chick and mouse etc embryogenesis are conserved) The formation of the blocks of tissue is a characteristic feature of vertebrate animals (have a backbone)

Subdivision of the paraxial mesoderm

At each axial level, each somite will generate:  Sclerotome (forms cartilage of vertebrates)  Myotome (forms muscle)  Dermatome (forms dermis of skin)  Syndotome (forms tendons)

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Somitogenesis

Depending on which axial level the somites are, they will give rise to different derivatives (e.g. myotome to develop muscle)...