Muscles Tables (Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity) PDF

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ALL MUSCLE MUSCLESS Table 2-1 Mu Muscles scles of the TThorax horax Name of M Muscle uscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Action

External intercostal muscle (11) (fibers pass downward and forward)

Inferior border of rib

Superior border of rib below

Intercostal nerves

With first rib fixed, they raise ribs during inspiration and thus increase anteroposterior and transverse diameters of thorax

Internal intercostal muscle (11) (fibers pass downward and backward)

Inferior border of rib

Superior border of rib below

Intercostal nerves

With last rib fixed by abdominal muscles, they lower ribs during expiration

Innermost intercostal muscle (incomplete layer)

Adjacent ribs

Adjacent ribs

Intercostal nerves

Assists external and internal intercostal muscles

Diaphragm (most important muscle of respiration)

Xiphoid process; lower six costal cartilages, first three lumbar vertebrae

Central tendon

Phrenic nerve

Very important muscle of inspiration; increases vertical diameter of thorax by pulling central tendon downward; assists in raising lower ribs Also used in abdominal straining and weight lifting

Levatores costarum (12)

Tip of transverse process of C7 and T1–11 vertebrae

Rib below

Posterior rami Raises ribs and therefore inspiratory of thoracic muscles spinal nerves

Serratus posterior superior

Lower cervical and upper thoracic spines

Upper ribs

Intercostal nerves

Raises ribs and therefore inspiratory muscles

Serratus posterior inferior

Upper lumbar and lower thoracic spines

Lower ribs

Intercostal nerves

Depresses ribs and therefore expiratory muscles

Table 4-1 Mu Muscles scles of the An Anterior terior Abdomin Abdominal al Wall

Name of Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Action

External oblique

Lower eight ribs

Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, iliac crest

Lower six thoracic nerves and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

Supports abdominal contents; compresses abdominalcontents; assists in flexing and rotation of trunk; assists inforced expiration, micturition, defecation, parturition, and vomiting

Internal oblique

Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament

Lower three ribs and costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba, symphysis pubis

Lower six thoracic nerves and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

As above

Transversus

Lower six costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament

Xiphoid process linea alba, symphysis pubis

Lower six thoracic nerves and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

Compresses abdominal contents

Rectus abdominis

Symphysis pubis and pubic crest

Fifth, sixth, and seventh costal cartilages and xiphoid process

Lower six thoracic nerves

Compresses abdominal contents and flexes vertebral column; accessory muscle of expiration

Pyramidalis (if present)

Anterior surface of pubis

Linea alba

12th thoracic nerve

Tenses the linea alba

Table 4-2 Mu Muscles scles of the PPosterior osterior Abd Abdominal ominal Wall Name of Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Action

Psoas

Transverse processes, bodies, and intervertebral discs of 12th thoracic and five lumbar vertebrae

With iliacus into lesser trochanter of femur

Lumbar plexus

Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it flexes trunk on thigh, as in sitting up from lying position

Quadratus lumborum

Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, tips of transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae

12th rib

Lumbar plexus

Fixes 12th rib during inspiration; depresses 12th rib during forced expiration; laterally flexes vertebral column same side

Iliacus

Iliac fossa

With psoas into lesser trochanter of femur

Femoral Flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is nerve fixed, it flexes the trunk on the thigh, as in sitting up from lying position

Table 6-1 Mu Muscles scles of the PPelvic elvic Walls and FFloor loor Name of Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Action

Piriformis

Front of sacrum

Greater trochanter of femur

Sacral plexus

Lateral rotator of femur at hip joint

Obturator internus

Obturator membrane and adjoining part of hip bone

Greater trochanter of femur

Nerve to obturator internus from sacral plexus

Lateral rotator of femur at hip joint

Levator ani

Body of pubis, fascia of obturator internus, spine of ischium

Perineal body; anococcygeal body; walls of prostate, vagina, rectum, and anal canal

Fourth sacral nerve, pudendal nerve

Supports pelvic viscera; sphincter to anorectal junction and vagina

Coccygeus

Spine of ischium

Lower end of sacrum; coccyx

Fourth and fifth sacral nerve

Assists levator ani to support pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

Table 8-1 Mu Muscles scles of Perine Perineum um Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Action

External anal ssphincter phincter

Subcutaneous part

Encircles anal canal, no bony attachments

Inferior rectal nerve and perineal branch of fourth sacral nerve

Together with puborectalis muscle forms voluntary sphincter of anal canal

Superficial part

Perineal body

Deep part

Encircles anal canal, no bony attachments

Puborectalis (part of levator ani)

Pubic bones

Sling around junction of rectum and anal canal

Perineal branch of fourth sacral nerve and from perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Together with external anal sphincter forms voluntary sphincter for anal canal

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Compresses urethra and assists in erection of penis

Coccyx

Male Ur Urogenital ogenital Muscles

Bulbospongiosus

Perineal body

Fascia of bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum and cavernosum

Ischiocavernosus

Ischial tuberosity

Fascia covering corpus Perineal branch of cavernosum pudendal nerve

Assists in erection of penis

Sphincter urethrae

Pubic arch

Surrounds urethra

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Voluntary sphincter of urethra

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Ischial tuberosity

Perineal body

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Fixes perineal body

Ischial ramus

Deep transverse perineal muscle

Perineal body

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Fixes perineal body

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Sphincter of vagina and assists in erection of clitoris

Female Ur Urogenital ogenital Muscles

Bulbospongiosus

Perineal body

Fascia of corpus cavernosum

Ischiocavernosus

Ischial tuberosity

Fascia covering corpus Perineal branch of cavernosum pudendal nerve

Sphincter urethrae

Same as in male

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Same as in male

Deep transverse perineal muscle

Same as in male

Causes erection of clitoris

Table 9-1 Mu Muscles scles Connec Connecting ting the Up Upper per Limb to the Thorac Thoracic ic Wall Muscle

Origin

Pectoralis major

Clavicle, sternum, and upper six costal cartilages

Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Medial and lateral C5, 6, Adducts arm and rotates it medially; 7, 8; T1 clavicular fibers also flex arm pectoral nerves from brachial plexus

Pectoralis minor

Third, fourth, and fifth ribs

Coracoid process of scapula

Medial pectoral nerve from brachial plexus

C6, 7, 8 Depresses point of shoulder; if the scapula is fixed, it elevates the ribs of origin

Clavicle

Nerve to subclavius from upper trunk of brachial plexus

C5, 6

Subclavius First costal cartilage

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Nerve Roots

Action

Depresses the clavicle and steadies this bone during movements of the shoulder girdle

Serratus anterior

a

Upper eight ribs

C5, 6, 7 Draws the scapula forward around the thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Medial border Long thoracic and inferior nerve angle of scapula

The predominant nerve root supply is indicated by boldface type.

P.442 Table 9-2 Mu Muscles scles Connec Connecting ting the Up Upper per Limb to the Ver Vertebral tebral Colum Column n Muscle

Trapezius

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Nerve Roo Roots ts

Action

Spinal part of accessory nerve

XI cranial nerve (spinal part)

Upper fibers elevate the

Thoracodorsal nerve

C6, 7, 8,

Extends, adducts,

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae,

Upper fibers into lateral third of

spine of seventh cervical vertebra, spines of all thoracic vertebrae

clavicle; middle (motor) and C3 and 4 (sensory) and lower fibers into acromion and spine of scapula

Latissimus dorsi

Iliac crest, lumbar

Floor of bicipital

fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three or four ribs, and inferior angle of scapula

groove of humerus

Levator scapulae

Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

Medial border of scapula

C3 and 4 and dorsal scapular nerve

C3, 4, 5

Raises medial border of scapula

Rhomboid minor

Ligamentum nuchae and spines of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

Medial border of scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve

C4 C4, 5

Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially

Rhomboid major

Second to fifth thoracic Medial border of spines scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve

C4 C4, 5

Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially

scapula; middle fibers pull scapula medially; lower fibers pull medial border of scapula downward

and medially rotates the arm

a

The predominant nerve root supply is indicated by boldface type.

Table 9-3 Mu Muscles scles Connec Connecting ting the Sca Scapula pula to the Humer Humerus us Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Deltoid

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Middle of lateral surface of shaft of humerus

Axillary nerve

C5 C5, 6

Abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Greater

Suprascapular nerve

C4, 5, 6

Abducts arm and

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Greater

Suprascapular nerve

(C4), 5, 6

Teres major

Lower third of lateral border of scapula

Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Lower subscapular nerve

C6 C6, 7

Medially rotates and adducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Teres minor

Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula

Greater tuberosity of humerus; capsule of shoulder joint

Axillary nerve

(C4), C5 C5, 6

Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Subscapularis

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

C5, 6, 7

Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Infraspinatus

a

tuberosity of humerus; capsule of shoulder joint

tuberosity of humerus; capsule of shoulder joint

Nerve Supply

The predominant nerve root supply is indicated by boldface type.

Nerve Roots

Action

stabilizes shoulder joint

Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Table 9-5 Mu Muscles scles of the Ar Arm m Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Nerve Roots

Action

Anterior Com Compartment partment Biceps bra brachii chii

Long head

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm

Short head

Coracoid process of scapula

Musculocutaneous C5, 6 nerve

Supinator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint; weak flexor of shoulder joint

Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of scapula

Medial aspect of shaft of humerus

Musculocutaneous C5, 6, 7 Flexes arm and also nerve process of weak adductor

Brachialis

Coronoid process of ulna

Musculocutaneous C5, 6 nerve

Front of lower half of humerus

Flexor of elbow joint

Posterior Compartment Tri Triceps ceps

Long head

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral head

Upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus

Medial head

Lower half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus

a

Olecranon process of ulna

Radial nerve

The predominant nerve root supply is indicated by boldface type.

C6, 7, 8 Extensor of elbow joint

Table 9-6 Mu Muscles scles of the An Anterior terior Fascial C Compartment ompartment of th the e Forearm Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Nerve Roots

Action

Pronator Teres

Median nerve

C6, 7

Pronation and flexion of forearm

Bases of second and third metacarpal bones

Median nerve

C6, 7

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Median nerve

C7, 8

Flexes hand

Pisiform bone, hook of the hamate, base at fifth metacarpal bone

Ulnar nerve

C8; T1

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

C7, 8; T1

Flexes middle phalanx of fingers and assists in flexing proximal phalanx and hand

C8; T1

Flexes distal phalanx of thumb

Humeral head

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Lateral aspect of shaft of radius

Ulnar head

Medial border of coronoid process of ulna

Flexor carpi radialis

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Palmaris longus

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Humeral head

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head

Medial aspect of olecranon process and posterior border of ulna

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Humeroulnar head

Medial epicondyle of humerus; medial border of coronoid process of ulna

Middle phalanx of medial four fingers

Radial head

Oblique line on anterior surface of shaft of radius

Flexor pollicis longus

Anterior surface of shaft of radius

Distal phalanx of thumb

Median nerve

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus

Anteromedial surface of shaft of ulna

Distal phalanges of medial four fingers

Ulnar (medial half) and median (lateral half) nerves

C8; T1

Flexes distal phalanx of fingers; then assists in flexion of middle and proximal phalanges and wrist

Pronator quadratus

Anterior surface of shaft of ulna

Anterior surface of shaft of radius

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

C8; T1

Pronates forearm

a

The predominant nerve root supply is indicated by boldface type.

Table 9-7 Mu Muscles scles of the La Lateral teral Fascial Compartment of tthe he Forearm Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Nerve Roots

Action

Brachioradialis

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Base of styloid process of radius

Radial nerve

C5, 6, 7

Flexes forearm atridge of humerus elbow joint; rotates forearm to the midprone position

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Posterior surface of base of second metacarpal bone

Radial nerve

C6, 7

Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

Table 9-8 Mu Muscles scles of the PPosterior osterior Fas Fascial cial Compartmen Compartmentt of the Forearm Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Nerve Supply

Nerve Roots

Action

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Posterior surface of base of third metacarpal bone

Deep C7, 8 branch of radial nerve

Extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

Extensor digitorum

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Middle and distal phalanges of medial four fingers

Deep C7, 8 branch of radial nerve

Extends fingers and hand (see text for details)

Extensor digiti minimi

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor expansion of little finger

Deep C7, 8 branch of radial nerve

Extends metacarpal phalangeal joint of little finger

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Base of fifth metacarpal bone

Deep C7, 8 branch of radial nerve

Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

Anconeus

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Lateral surface of olecranon process of ulna

Radial nerve

Extends elbow joint

Supinator

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, anular liga...