N8 - neuroscience PDF

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Which of the following are true statements about neurotransmitter receptors? a.Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are composed of multiple subunit proteins that contain a channel to allow ion passage. b. Metabotropic and ionotropic receptors can be activated by the same neurotransmitter. c.A synapse contains either metabotropic or ionotropic receptors, but not both. d. Metabotropic receptors act more slowly than ionotropic receptors. e. None of the above. a.Ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are composed of multiple subunit proteins that contain a channel to allow ion passage. b. Metabotropic and ionotropic receptors can be activated by the same neurotransmitter. d. Metabotropic receptors act more slowly than ionotropic receptors. Which of the following are true statements regarding Nodes of Ranvier? a. None of these statements are true. b. The node region is enriched with voltage-gated sodium channels. c. The justaparanodal region is enriched with voltage-gated potassium channels. d. The nodes tend to be 1-2 mm apart along an axon. e. Loss of myelin and the disintegration of the nodes of ranvier are a chief cause of multiple sclerosis. b. The node region is enriched with voltage-gated sodium channels. c. The justaparanodal region is enriched with voltage-gated potassium channels. d. The nodes tend to be 1-2 mm apart along an axon. e. Loss of myelin and the disintegration of the nodes of ranvier are a chief cause of multiple sclerosis. [[1]] stroke is due to blockage of the cerebral blood supply, not a blow-out. ischemic Hemorrhagic stroke is due to a rupture in a blood vessel in the brain. true The long term impact of a stroke depends upon the location of the stroke in the brain. true Describe the properties and mechanisms of the NMDA receptor and the AMPA receptor. ________ receptors are gated by both ________ , glycine, and by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate and glycine must both bind to the receptor, and the postsynaptic membrane must be depolarized in order for the receptor to open. The depolarization causes a ________ ion to leave the pore. These receptors will then allow the flow of ________ , sodium, and potassium ions. ________ receptors are gated only by the neurotransmitter _________. These receptors allow the flow of sodium and potassium ions.

NMDA voltage (depolarization) magnesium calcium AMPA glutamate A patient presents herself with fluent, ebuillent speech. However, the patient exhibits poor comprehension of verbal tests and what speech there is appears inappropriate. Which aphasia would you classify this case as? a. Wernicke's Aphasia b. Neither. c. Broca's Aphasia a. Wernicke's Aphasia A patient presents herself with fluent, ebuillent speech. However, the patient exhibits poor comprehension of verbal tests and what speech there is appears inappropriate. You hypothesize that this condition reflects a stroke of a brain artery. Which one? a. All of these choices b. Distal cerebral artery c. Posterior cerebral artery d. None of these choices e. Middle cerebral artery e. Middle cerebral artery The neurobiological concept of localization of function means: a.that different regions of the brain are involved in different functions. b. Neither of these responses are correct. c. that different regions of the brain are all involved in the same functions. a.that different regions of the brain are involved in different functions. Damage in ________ in the ________ lobe gives rise to a deficit in the production of language, whereas damage in ________ in the ________ lobe results in a deficit in comprehension. This is a clear example of different regions of the brain being involved indifferent functions, even though both participate in language. Broca's area frontal Wernicke's area temporal The Nernst equation is useful for calculations involving a single ion. true The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation is useful for calculations involving multiple ions.

true Consider a newly discovered creature whose neurons function according to the same principles that squid and human neurons do. The following ionic concentration ratios are known: Ion 1 (A+) Outside: 100 Inside: 1 Ion 2 (B+) Outside 1 Inside: 10 When you measure the cell membrane potential, you find that it is -60 mV. At this point, is the membrane more permeable to Ion 1 (A+), Ion 2 (B+), or neither? a. It is more permeable to ion 2, B+. The reason why is that the Eion for B+ is very negative. The resting membrane potential directly relates to what ion channels are open at rest. Since the resting membrane potential is -60 mV, that is much closer to Eion of B+. b. Neither. The reason why is that the Eion for A+ or B+ is very positive. The resting membrane potential directly relates to what ion channels are open at rest. Since the resting membrane potential is -60 mV, that is far away from the Eion of A+ and B+. c. It is more permeable to ion 1, A+. The reason why is that the Eion for A+ is very negative. The resting membrane potential directly relates to what ion channels are open at rest. Since the resting membrane potential is -60 mV, that is much closer to Eion of A+. a. It is more permeable to ion 2, B+. The reason why is that the Eion for B+ is very negative. The resting membrane potential directly relates to what ion channels are open at rest. Since the resting membrane potential is -60 mV, that is much closer to Eion of B+. Consider a newly discovered creature whose neurons function according to the same principles that squid and human neurons do. The following ionic concentration ratios are known: Ion 1 (A+); Outside: 100, Inside: 1 Ion 2 (B+); Outside: 1, Inside: 10 If the cell membrane were selectively permeable to Ion 1 (A+) at rest, what would the resting membrane potential be? a. None of these answers. b. +61 mV c. -61 mV d. +122 mV e. -122 mV d. +122 mV Ion 2 (B+), has a higher concentration inside the neuron compared to the extracellular fluid. To determine which ion contributes to the resting membrane potential, you experimentally increase the concentration gradient of B+ by doubling its concentration in the extracellular fluid. To complete this experiment, what type of patch clamp should you use? a. None of these answers are correct. b. Membrane potential

c. Current clamp d. Voltage clamp e. Dynamic clamp f. Membrane current c. Current clamp Ion 2 (B+), has a higher concentration inside the neuron compared to the extracellular fluid. To determine which ion contributes to the resting membrane potential, you experimentally increase the concentration gradient of B+ by doubling its concentration in the extracellular fluid. To complete this experiment, what should you measure? a. Membrane current b. Membrane potential c. None of these answers are correct. d. Action potentials e. Membrane conductance b. Membrane potential...