Nervous Coloring Packet 2019 PDF

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Ch 7: NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Divisions:

Name (in ink)

Nervous System (2 major divisions)

Structures of CNS:

Subdivisions of PNS:

1.

2.

1.

2.

Subdivisions of motor: 1. Voluntary structures:

2. (voluntary)

(involuntary)

Subdivisions of ANS: Also called: Involuntary structures: 2. Choose the responses that best correspond to the descriptions provided in the following statements.

Key Choices A.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

B. Central nervous system (CNS)

C. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) D. Somatic nervous system

____________________ 1. Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the brain and spinal cord ____________________ 2. Subdivision of the PNS that controls voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles ____________________ 3. Nervous system subdivision that is composed of the cranial and spinal nerves and all nerves throughout the body ____________________ 4. Subdivision of the PNS, regulates the activity of the cardiac and smooth muscle, and of glands; it is also called the involuntary nervous system ____________________ 5. A major division of the nervous system that interprets incoming information and issues orders ____________________ 6. A major division of the nervous system that serves as communication lines, linking all parts of the body to the CNS 3. The following table indicates a number of conditions. Use a check (/) to show which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in each condition. Condition 1. Adrenaline – increases blood flow to brain, heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, increased heart rate, breathing (more oxygen in and carried to cells), BP 2. Digestion – increased blood flow to digestive organs, increased peristalsis 3. Normally in control 4. Fight or flight system – increased blood pressure and blood to skeletal muscles 5. Liver releases stored glycogen – muscle cells need glucose to make energy 6. Causes a dry mouth, dilates bronchioles, dilates pupils, increased perspiration 7. Constricts eye pupils, decreases heart rate and respiration (breathing)

Sympathetic Parasympathetic

4. You are alone in your bedroom late at night, and you hear an unfamiliar sound in the backyard. List four reactions promoted by the sympathetic nervous system that help you to cope with this frightening situation. 1. 2. 3. 4.

NEURON 5. Label the parts of the neuron on Figure 7-1 below. Then color the coding circles and corresponding structures on the diagram. Finally, draw arrows on the figure to indicate the direction of impulse transmission along the neuron’s membrane.

 Axon  Dendrites  Cell body  Myelin sheath  Axon terminals

Figure 7-1

6. Relative to neuron anatomy, match the anatomical terms given in Column B with the appropriate descriptions of functions in Column A. Column A

Column B

____________________ 1. Releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

A. Axon

____________________ 2. Branches that conduct electrical currents toward the cell body (receives the stimulus)

B. Axon terminal

____________________ 3. Fatty insulation around axon, formed by neuroglia, increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission

D. Myelin sheath

____________________ 4. Location of the nucleus

C. Dendrite E. Cell body

____________________ 5. Generally conducts impulses away from the cell body

RECEPTORS 7. Using key choices, select the specific receptor type(s) described or activated by the activity . Terms will be used more than once.

Key Choices A. Bare nerve endings

C. Meissner’s corpuscles

B. Proprioceptors

D. Pacinian corpuscles

____________________ 1.

Cutaneous receptors (remember: cutaneo =

____________________ 2.

Deep pressure receptors of the skin

____________________ 3.

Detect the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles and tendons

____________________ 4.

Pain receptors of the skin

____________________ 5.

Light touch receptors of the skin

____________________ 6.

Send information to the brain to maintain posture

____________________ 7.

Warn us that some type of body damage is occurring

____________________ 8.

Constantly advise our brain of our own body movements

____________________ 9.

Someone pinches you (a strong stimulation may be interpreted as pain)

____________________ 10.

You cut your finger while slicing a carrot

____________________ 11.

You gently touch a rose petal

____________________ 12.

You try to balance on one foot

)

NERVE CELLS 8. Indicate the cell type described in each of the following statements. Key Choices

A. Neurons

B. Neuroglia

________ 1. Support, insulate (myelin), and protect nerve cells ________ 2. Demonstrate irritability and conductivity, transmits electrical messages ________ 3. Release chemicals called neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synapse and generate an impulse in the subsequent neuron (the action of most drugs is occurs at the synapse) ________ 4. Unable to transmit nerve impulses ________ 5. Are unable to go through mitosis, amitotic ________ 6. Responsible for most brain neoplasms (cancer), called gliomas, because they are mitotic ________ 7. Form the blood brain barrier which inhibits passage of harmful materials into brain tissue, formed by star-shaped cells called astrocytes ________ 8. Are affected with multiple sclerosis – hardening of the myelin sheath, or demyelination 9. Using key choices, select the terms identified in the following descriptions by inserting the appropriate letter in the spaces provided. A. B. C. D.

Afferent neuron Association neuron Cutaneous sense organs Efferent neuron

E. Neuroglia F. Neurotransmitters G. Myelin H. Nodes of Ranvier

I. J. K. L.

Proprioceptors Dendrites Synapse Stimuli

_________ 1.

Changes within or outside the body that affect nervous system functioning

_________ 2.

Sensory receptors found in the skin, which are specialized to detect temperature, pressure changes (Meissner’s, Pacinian corpuscles), and pain (free nerve endings)

_________ 3.

The type of nerve cells that myelinate the neurons found in the PNS

_________ 4.

Junction or point of close contact between neurons where chemicals are released

_________ 5.

Chemicals released at axon endings that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands

_________ 6.

Branches of the neuron cell body that conduct impulses toward the cell body

_________ 7.

Sensory neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery

_________ 8.

Motor neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands

_________ 9.

Neuron, serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons (also called interneuron)

_________ 10. Fatty insulation that speeds impulse transmission _________ 11. Gaps in a myelin sheath _________ 12. Sensory receptors found in muscle and tendons that detect their degree of stretch _________ 13. The actions of most drugs and medications affect these chemicals at the synapse

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Brain 10. Figure 7-3 is a diagram of the right lateral view of the human brain. Match the letters on the diagram with the following list of terms and insert the appropriate letters in the answer blanks. Color in the corresponding structures in the diagram. If an identified area is part of a lobe, use the color you selected for the lobe but use stripes for that area. ______ 1.  frontal lobe

______ 8.  lateral sulcus

______ 2.  parietal lobe

______ 9.  cerebellum

______ 3.  temporal lobe

______10.  parieto-occipital fissure

______ 4.  occipital lobe

______11.  medulla

______ 5.  central sulcus

______12.  pons

______ 6.  postcentral gyrus

______13. longitudinal fissure

______ 7.  precentral gyrus

_______________ 14. cerebrum (four lobes)

A

H spinal cord

B

11. Figure 7-4 is a diagram of the sagittal view of the human brain. First, match the letters on the diagram with the list of terms and insert the appropriate letter in each answer blank. Then, color the brain-stem areas blue and the areas where cerebrospinal fluid is found yellow. _______ 1. Cerebrum

______8. Pituitary gland (Endocrine gland called Master Gland)

_______ 2. Cerebellum

______9. Thalamus

_______ 3. Midbrain

______10. Hypothalamus

_______ 4. Pons

______11. Dura mater

_______ 5. Medulla oblongata

______12. Arachnoid mater

_______ 6. Corpus callosum

______13. Pia mater

_______ 7. Pineal body

A O N M L

K

B C

12. Complete the following statements by inserting your answers in the answer blanks. _________________________ 1. The largest part of the human brain is the _________________________ 2. This major subdivision is divided into two halves called _________________________ 3. The other two major subdivisions of the brain are the _________________________ 4. _________________________ 5. The cavities found in the brain are called _________________________ 6. The fluid found in these cavities and around the spinal cord is called _________________________ 7. The outermost cerebrum is called the _________________________ 8. An elevated ridge of the cerebral cortex is a _________________________ 9. These convolutions increase _________________________ 10. A progressive degeneration of brain tissue in which abnormal plaque deposits form, gyri shrink, and the brain atrophies _________________________ 11. The grooves between the ridges are _________________________ 12. The three parts of the brain stem are the _________________________ 13. _________________________ 14. 13. Complete the statements regarding the brain structures and their functions. __________________________ 1.

Site of regulation of the body’s water balance (thirst), body temperature; part of the limbic system which contains centers drives such as rage, pleasure, hunger, sex, etc.

__________________________ 2.

Responsible for the regulation of posture and coordination of skeletal muscle movements and balance

__________________________ 3.

Important relay station for information traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation; encloses the third ventricle

__________________________ 4.

Part of the brain stem that contains reflex centers involved in regulating respiratory rhythm

__________________________ 5.

Contains autonomic centers for vital (life) reflexes such as blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, and other reflexes such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting

__________________________ 6.

The sympathetic nervous system becomes less efficient as aging occurs, resulting in an inability to prevent sudden changes in ____ when abrupt changes in position are made.

__________________________ 7.

A type of low blood pressure resulting from standing up quickly after sitting or lying down.

__________________________ 8.

The large fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

__________________________ 9.

Outer portion (gray matter) of the cerebrum that functions in speech, memory, logical and emotional response, and voluntary movement

__________________________ 10._The primary sensory area of the parietal lobes is in the

gyrus.

__________________________ 11._The primary motor area of the frontal lobe is in the

gyrus.

__________________________ 12._Cortical areas involved in audition are found in the

lobe.

__________________________ 13._The visual cortex is located in the

lobe.

__________________________ 14._The primary motor area in the frontal lobe is involved in the initiation of movements. __________________________ 15._A specialized motor speech area called Broca’s area is located at the base of the gyrus. __________________________ 16._The right cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input from the side of the body. __________________________ 17._A flat EEG is evidence of clinical death. An EEG is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain. EEG is an abbreviation for . __________________________ 18._When a region of the brain is deprived of blood (ischemia) so brain tissue does not get oxygen, the cells die. This is called a stroke, or .

Protection of the CNS—Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 14. Figure 7-5 shows a frontal view of the meninges of the brain at the level of the superior sagittal (dural) sinus. First, label the arachnoid villi on the figure. Then, select different colors for each of the following structures and use them to color the coding circles and corresponding structures in the diagram.  Dura mater

 Pia mater

 Arachnoid mater

 Subdural space

Scalp Bone of skull Superior sagittal sinus

Gray matter of cerebral cortex

Figure 7-5

 Subarachnoid space

15. Complete the statements regarding the meninges. _________________________ 1. The outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue, fused with the periosteum of the skull, is the _________________________ 2. The delicate and vascular innermost covering of the brain is the _________________________ 3. The middle meningeal layer that resembles a spider’s web _________________________ 4. Structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the sagittal sinus are the _________________________ 5. Inflammation of the meninges is called

CNS: Spinal Cord 16. Complete the following statements regarding the spinal cord by inserting your responses in the answer blanks. _________________________ 1. The spinal cord extends from the large hole in the skull called the _________________________ 2. down to the ___ region of the vertebral column. _________________________ 3. The meninges cover the spinal cord and extend downward to form an inferior meningeal sac from which cerebrospinal fluid can be withdrawn without damage to the spinal cord. This procedure is called a _________________________ 4. There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves that arise from the spinal cord. _________________________ 5. Of these, ____ pairs are cervical nerves. _________________________ 6. There are ____ pairs of thoracic nerves. _________________________ 7. There are ____ pairs of lumbar nerves. _________________________ 8. There are ____ pairs of sacral nerves. _________________________ 9. The tail-like collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the _________________________ 10.Damage to the spinal cord in the cervical area would result in paralysis to all four limbs, called . _________________________ 11. Damage to the spinal cord in the lumbar area would result in paralysis of the lower body and legs, called .

REFLEXES 17. List in order the minimum elements in a reflex arc from the stimulus to the activity of the effector. Place your responses in the answer blanks. Stimulus – initiates impulse 1.

4.

2.

5.

3.

18. A rapid, predictable and involuntary response to a stimulus is a = 19. Using the key choices, identify the types of reflexes involved in each of the following situations.

Key Choices

A. Somatic reflex(es)

B. Autonomic reflex(es)

______________________ 1. Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex ______________________ 2. Pupillary light reflex (constriction of pupils, requires brain function – protects retina from too much light.) ______________________ 3. Effectors are skeletal muscles ______________________ 4. Effectors are smooth muscle and glands ______________________ 5. Flexor reflex (pulling arms away) ______________________ 6. Regulation of blood pressure (vasodilation, vasoconstriction) ______________________ 7. Salivary reflex (secretion of saliva when smelling or thinking of food)

20. Refer to Figure 7-2, showing a reflex arc, as you complete this exercise. Answer the following questions by inserting your responses in the spaces provided. 1. What is the stimulus? 2. What tissue is the effector? 3. How many synapses occur in this reflex arc? Color the structures in the diagram. Draw arrows on the figure indicating the direction of impulse transmission through this reflex pathway.  Receptor region

 Association neuron (interneuron)

 Afferent neuron

 Efferent neuron

Figure 7-2

 Effector

Ch 7 At The Clinic

Use a separate sheet of paper to respond to the following scenarios. 1.

Jed, a couch potato, likes to eat a very large meal in the evening. After the meal, his wife asks him to help clean the dishes, but Jed explains that he is “too tired” and promptly goes to sleep. (p. 264-269) a. Which nervous system division is most active while Jed is relaxing after dinner? b. Explain why it is a good idea to relax after a heavy meal.

2.

The right precentral gyrus of your patient’s brain has been destroyed by a stroke. (p. 240-244) a. What is the name of this specific area of the cerebral cortex that controls skeletal muscles? b. What are the possible side effects (at least two) this patient may experience from this damage?

3. Jamal, an elderly man with a history of TIAs, complained to his daughter that he had a severe headache. Shortly thereafter, he lapsed into a coma. At the hospital, he was diagnosed as having a brain hemorrhage. a. What does the abbreviation TIA stand for? (p. 251-252) b. Based on the fact that he is in a coma, which specific area of the brain was damaged by the hemorrhage? (p. 246-247) c. This area is part of which major structure of the brain? (p. 246-247) d. What is the name for a stroke, or CVA? (p. 251) 4. While working in the emergency room, you admit two patients who were in an auto collision. One has sustained a severed (cut) spinal cord at the C6 level and the other patient suffered a similar injury at the level of L2. (p. 254-255) a. Explain the outcome for the patient with the C6 injury. (Identify the specific condition) b. Explain the outcome for the patient with the L2 injury. (Identify the specific condition) 5. Stress-induced stomach ulcers are due to excessive sympathetic stimulation. For example, one suspected cause of the ulcers is almost total lack of blood flow to the stomach wall. (p. 267-269) a. How does the sympathetic nervous system affect the digestive system? b. Why is blood flow constricted to the digestive system in “fight-or-flight” mode? 6. An elderly patient in a nursing home has recurrent episodes of fainting when he stands. An alert nurse notes that this occurs only when his room is fairly warm. On cold mornings, he has no difficulty. (p. 270-271) a. What is the name of the condition of low blood pressure when standing up “straight”? b. Why does this happen...