Neurophysiology Worksheet 2 PDF

Preview

Summary

jhdcbahdbiabsidubds fvdiabfvihabsd idshbiadshbdsa sadjhbc...

Description

Neurophysiology Worksheet 2

1. The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. 1. Chemically regulated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated. 2. Calcium ions enter the synaptic knob. 3. Acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase. 4. An action potential depolarizes the synaptic knob at the presynaptic membrane. 5. The synaptic knob reabsorbs choline. 6. Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis. 7. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 8. Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob. The correct sequence for these events is a. 4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1. *b. 4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. c. 2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. d. 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3. 2. Chemoreceptors are located in all of the following, EXCEPT a. carotid bodies. b. aortic bodies. *c. in the skin. d. the organs of taste. 3. Bladder fullness is to ________ as blood pH is to ________. a. nociceptors; thermoreceptors *b. baroreceptors; chemoreceptors c. baroreceptors; nociceptors d. chemoreceptors; nociceptors

4. Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons. a. receptor b. first-order c. second-order *d) third-order 5. The term used to describe the crossing over of a tract to the side of the nervous system opposite to where the axons originated is *a) decussation. b) contralateral. c) ascending crossovers. d) pyramidal tracts. e) consensual tracts.

6. The spinal tract that relays information concerning touch and pressure to the CNS is the a) gracile fasciculus. b) cuneate fasciculus. c) posterior spinocerebellar. d) anterior spinothalamic.

7. What loss would result from cutting through the medial lemniscus on the right side? a) loss of pain sensation on the left side of the body b) loss of pain sensation on the right side of the body *c) loss of fine touch sensation on the left side of the body d) loss of fine touch sensation on the right side of the body 8. The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the a. arachnoid. b. pia mater. *c. dura mater. d. epidural block. 9. The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly a. unmyelinated axons. b. neuroglia. c. Schwann cells. *d. myelinated and unmyelinated axons 10. Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in a. the brain. b. the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. c. the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. *d. both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. 11. Preganglionic fibers leave the central nervous system and then synapse on a. postganglionic fibers. b. visceral reflex responses. c. motor neurons. *d. ganglionic neurons. 12. A person is confronted by a dangerous dog. His heart begins to race and beat strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hairs stand up. These signs are the result of ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_________________. a. sympathetic activation. b. increased levels of epinephrine in the blood. c. increased activity of autonomic centers in the hypothalamus. *d. the "fight or flight" response. 13. The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the a) basal ganglia. *b) brain stem. c) mesencephalon. d) ventricles. e) diencephalon. 14. Which of the following is not a property of the blood-brain barrier? A) The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. *b) it is very permeable to many water and lipid-soluble compounds.

c) astrocytes surround the cns capillaries. d) it is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. 15. Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the a. filum terminale. *b. subarachnoid space. c. dura mater. d. pia mater. 16. Which of these is NOT one of the main divisions of the adult brain? a. cerebrum b. diencephalon *c. prosencephalon d. midbrain 17. Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the a. medulla oblongata. b. pons. c. midbrain. *d. thalamus.

18. The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the a. first. b. second. c. third. *d. fourth. 19. Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the a) cerebrum. b) thalamus. *c) cerebellum. d) pons. 20. Which of the following is true regarding the pineal gland? *A) It is part of the epithalamus and secretes melatonin. B) It is part of the hypothalamus and secretes oxytocin. C) It is part of the thalamus. D) It is part of the limbic system. E) It controls heart rate and blood pressure. 21. The olfactory cortex is located in the a) frontal lobe. b) parietal lobe. *c) temporal lobe. d) occipital lobe.

22. The primary motor cortex is the surface of the a) insula. *b) precentral gyrus. c) postcentral gyrus. d) arcuate gyrus. 23. Olfactory glands *a) contain neural receptors for the sense of smell. b) form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium. c) are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air. d) produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium. 24. Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to a. contact a specialized olfactory cell. *b. bind to receptors in olfactory cilia. c. gate open ion channels. d. respond to applied pressure. e. be transported to the olfactory bulbs. 25. Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the a. medulla oblongata. b. olfactory tract. c. cerebral cortex. *d. olfactory bulb. 26. Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places? a. portions of the larynx b. anterior tip of the tongue c. surface of the tongue *d. All of the answers are correct 27. The sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are: a. red, green, and yellow b. green, yellow, and purple c. orange, green, and purple *d. blue, green, and red

Short response questions 2.10

Describe THREE ways in which neurons differ from other cells. (3 marks) (Slides L1)

2.11

Identify the THREE types of chemicals that are released at a synapse (3 marks) (Slides L1)

2.12

Identify and describe the THREE types of neurons based on their function (3 marks) (Slides L2)

2.13

Classify receptors based on their location

2.14

Identify the FIVE types of receptors based on the stimulus that they detect (5 marks) (Slides L2)

2.15

Differentiate between cranial and spinal nerves (2 marks Slides L2)

(3 marks) (Slides L2)

2.17 Identify the THREE major descending motor tracts and provide one function of each (3 marks Slides L2) 2.18

Differentiate between Central and peripheral nervous system...