NIC Practice Test Study Guide PDF

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Summary

Materials (concepts and descriptions) to be familiar with before taking the NIC written test...

Description

NIC Practice Test (Final Exam) Study Guide The NIC Practice Test is a cumulative exam based on the topics covered in this course. It contains approximately 50 questions. The questions are all multiple choice, true/false, ranking, fill-in-the-blank, or matching – there are no short answer or essay questions. Some questions contain short videos to watch before answering the question. You are permitted to use your book, notes, and other materials from the course, but the test must be completed individually. You will have two hours to complete the exam and only one attempt. Topics to Review: Arbitrary vs. Iconic – identify whether a lexical item is arbitrary or iconic ● Arbitrary- connection between its form and meaning makes no logical sense ● Iconic- form resembles meaning in some way or connected to (Iconic signs) Linguistic vs. non-linguistic – identify whether a symbol is linguistic or non-linguistic ● Linguistics is the study of a language in order to discover how it works and describe reasons behind why it works the way it does (linguist) ● Linguistic- cat ● Non-linguistic- handshape Language vs. Communication system – identify whether something is a language or communication system 1. Composed of meaningful signals/symbols 2. Symbols are organized by rules and used systematically 3. Symbols may be arbitrary or iconic 4. Members of a community share the same communication system Prosody – identify features of prosody in English and ASL ● Prosody is the study of rhythmic structure, intonation, stress, and related attributes in conjunction with syntax in speech and signing. ● prosodic features include: ○ duration of a sign, pause, eye aperture, facial expression, use of signing space, etc. Syntax – order of elements (SVO), lexical categories (open/closed) and elements in each category, types of sentences, basic word order (English and ASL) ● Syntax is the look at the way, order, signs and words are ordered ● Order of elements ○ ASL- SVO ○ ENG- SVO ● Categories○ Open - new words ro signs can be added ■ Nouns, adj, adverbs, verbs ○ Closed - rarely added new words/signs

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■ articles/ determiners Types of sentences○ Declarative- neutral, informational. No head nod or NMS ○ Yes/No questions- eyebrows raised, eyes widened, head/body tilt forward/ shoulders raised, last sign held ○ Why Questions- eyebrows squinted, head tilt, body may be forward, shoulders may be raised ○ Wiggle questions- same as Y/N question ○ Rhetorical questions- eyebrows raised, head may be tilted or shake slightly ○ Negation- negative statement- head shake side to side, may frown or squint ○ Commands- direct eye contact, may frown ○ Topicalization- mentions some entity that will be important in what followseyebrows raised, head tilt, possibly short pause, NMS over topic only ○ Conditional- if/then statement- eyebrows raised, head tilt, short pause eye gaze shift.

Non Manual signals – identify effective and different types of grammatical nms when provided examples ● NMS are linguistic features that do not involve hands ● The same signs or sequence of signs could have multiple meanings, depending on the NMS produced ● Examples○ Eyebrows ○ Cheeks ○ Nose ○ Lip movement ○ Eye gaze/ shift ○ Head movement ○ Body shift Verb types in ASL – identify the three types and examples of each ● Plain- basic, only verb, early ASL studies (ASL I and II) ○ LOVE, BELIEVE, LIKE, WANT ● Indicating- Directional/ agreement verbs. Include information about subject and object of verb ○ YOU GIVE TO ME ● Depicting- classifiers, verb that even more information is encoded in verb including how object id moving, size/shape etc. Phonology – know the definition and conduct phonological assessment (based on parameters) ● Phonology is the smallest units of a language that have no meaning ○ spoken - individual sounds = (d-o-g) phonemes

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Signed - handshape, location, movement, palm orientation, NMS/facial expressions Phoneme - a group og slightly different sounds which are all perceived to have the same function by speakers of a language Phone - distinct sound of a phoneme ASL ○ ASL does not use all possible movements, hs, orientation or locations ○ ASL has its own set of inventory ○ ASL has its own set of rules of how things can be organized Spoken ○ No language uses all sounds that are possible w/ human vocals ○ Each language ‘chooses’ from its list a smaller set of sounds - Inventory of sounds ○ Each language has rules for what sounds can be organized into words phonotactics

Morphology – know the definition, identify two types of morphology, and multiple ways that ASL creates new signs ● Morphology is the smallest units in a language with meaning, how language uses smaller segments to make larger ones. ● Derivational- a new type of word/ sign, a new unit is formed (changes part of speech) ○ SIT - CHAIR ○ Teach - Teacher ● Inflectional- process of adding grammatical info to units that already exist ○ SIT - SIT FOR LONG TIME ○ Walk - Walks ● ASL creates new signs○ Reduplicating movement or adding ‘person’ ○ Change in emphasis or adding er ○ Compounds ○ Lexicalized fingerspelling ○ Loan sign- borrowing ○ Numeral incorporation Bound vs. Free morphemes – given lexical items, determine the number of free and bound morphemes (English and ASL) ● House(1 free)......House(s) (1 free + 1 bound) ● ASL bounds- 2 week/ 3 months ● Eng bound- walked, dogs, happiness Semantics – know the definition and provide examples; identify semantic relationships ● Semantics is the study of meaning of words sentences. Study of rule- governed ways in which languages structure meaning. ○ Referential- the idea, thing or state of affair describes by the sign, word/ sentence

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Social- vocabulary and sentence choices reveal things about social identity Affective- information about singers feelings, attitudes or opinions revealed by word/sign choice and sentence structure,

Symmetry and Dominance Conditions – identify what these conditions are and how they apply to different signs ● Symmetry condition- if boths hands move in ASL sign… ○ They must have same handshape ○ Must move in same or opposite directions (family, year, maybe) ● Dominance conditions- if hands in a two handed sign have different handshapes… ○ The non-dominant hand must have one of the basic hand shapes (B, A, S, C, 0, 1,5) ○ Non-dominant hand remains still while dominant hand moves (Church, Dr, Pay) ● Phonological process- are the way that signs/words and parts of signs/words interact ○ Assimilation- when one word is affected by the previous or following word. When one sign is affected by previous/ following sign ■ Going -gonna ■ ME CURIOUS - ME HAVE ○ Movement Epenthesis- adding a movement between two consonant sounds. Adding a movement between two signs ■ Church - churches ■ FATHER STUDY ○ Hold deletion- removing a consonant between two words. Removing a hold between two signs ■ Night class - Ni class ■ GOOD NIGHT ○ Methesis- phonemes switch places, meaning is same. Beginning and ending locations can change places but meaning stays the same ■ Ask - aks ■ DEAF, CONGRESS, CAFETERIA Denotation and Connotation – identify whether something is a denotation or connotation; identify how referential, social, and affective meanings fit under these categories ● Denotation- referential meaning “dictionary definition” ○ deaf ● Connotation- social and affective meaning ○ Deaf Historical change and variation – identify examples of historical change and different types of variation ● Variation- different ways of saying the same thing ○ Eng- soda/pop/coke ○ ASL- BIRTHDAY (open 8 vs. ear) ○ Phonological

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○ Morphological ○ Lexical ○ Syntactic BASED OFF OF TWO FACTORS- SOCIAL + GEOGRAPHICAL Language contact- two languages beings used in the same location at same time ○ Maintained bilingualism ○ Language death ○ Pidgen- people using two different languages come together and need a way to communicate ○ Creole- result of a pidgen being used for so long children are born into situation and acquire pidgen as 1st language

Language attitudes – know the definition and identify examples ● Every language is different, sign is not universal...