Nutrition caffeine Lab NUDI2200 DI Caffeine intakes PDF

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Nutrition report on caffeine, daily intakes, total caffeine intakes, caffeine calculations. Caffeine regulations, FSANZ Nutrition report on caffeine, daily intakes, total caffeine intakes, caffeine calculations. Caffeine regulations, FSANZ...

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1 Heidi Sullivan, Caitlin Fuchs, Ella Marriott, Isabelle Jade c3350949, c3355724, c3355652, c3329614

NUDI2220 Food Science 2 - 2021 Laboratory 2 Report 50marks

PART 1 Dave is 45 years old and works both day and night shifts at a warehouse. He is 170cm tall, with a current weight of 110kg (BMI 32.4 kg/m2). Last year Dave was diagnosed with moderately high blood pressure but he usually forgets to take his medication. He has no other significant past medical history. He tells you that he has trouble sleeping and generally feels very tired when he first starts work and needs several ‘caffeine hits’ to feel alert. He reports shortness of breath with heart palpitations. Recently he has been taking “some tablets” to help him “get some energy”. A recall of his usual dietary intake reveals the following: Table 1 (10 marks) Caffein e Y/N

Food/dri nkconsu med (ml/tbts)

Caffeine content (mg)/100 ml (or tablet)

Caffeine consume d (mg)

BREAKFAST N

104

N/A

N/A

Y

200

70

140

1 serve

Y

500

48

240

500ml

Y

500

31.9

160

1

Y

1

200

200

50g

Y

50

10

5

1 serve

Y

500

32

160

Mediu m 2 serve s

N

125

N/A

N/A

Y

600

46

276

1 serve 53g

Y

500

48

240

N

53

N/A

N/A

Toast with butter and vegemite [1] Coffee, percolator

2 slices 1 cup

Dare Triple Espresso* [2] MORNING TEA Mother Energy Original [3] Natrol caffeine tablets [4] Snickers choc bar [5] Dare Double Espresso* [6] LUNCH Meat pie Dare Cold Brew Strong Latte* [7] AFTERNOON TEA Dare Triple Espresso * [8] Mars bar Nudi2220/UoN/2021/SB

*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total

2 Natrol caffeine 1 tablets [9] EVENING MEAL Roast chicken 200g 1.5 Broccoli, carrot cups and peas (boiled) Potato, roast 3 small Red Eye Platinum 330ml [10] Chocolate ice 1-2 cream scoop Later in the evening at work Dare Peanut 1 Butter Latte* [11] serve Chips (bbq 1 pkt flavour) (small) 500ml Mother Energy Original [12] 2x28g Cadbury’s chocolate bar [13] 200ml Jarrah hot chocolate drink Natrol 2 caffeine tablets [14]

Y

1

200

200

N

200

N/A

N/A

N

300

N/A

N/A

N

430

N/A

N/A

Y

330

32

106

N

136

N/A

N/A

Y

500

16

80

N

45

N/A

N/A

Y

500

31.9

160

Y

56

15

30

N

200

N/A

N/A

Y

2

200

400

Contribution of caffeine intake (mg) Caffeine from usual tea and coffee drinks Caffeine from bottled coffee drinks* Caffeine from energy drinks Caffeine from caffeine tablets Caffeine from other sources (food, drinks)

70

140

190

996

95.8

426

600 25 980

800 35 2,397

TOTAL CAFFEINE INTAKE (mg) (Tip: http://www.dareicedcoffee.com.au) (Tip: Caffeine Content of Drinks)

(Tip: https://www.natrol.com/store/natrol-high-caffeine-extra-strength-energy-support-tablets)

Nudi2220/UoN/2021/SB

*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total

3

PART 2 2.1: List which FSANZ legislation covers the caffeine content for each the product categories listed above in 2.1 (no more than 1/2 page) (10 marks) Hint 1: Not all product categories are covered Hint 2 :FSANZ http://www.foodstandards.gov.au Standard 1.2.4-7 of the Foods Standard Code states that: “If caffeine is added to a food for sale (whether as a *flavouring substance or otherwise), it must be listed in the statement of ingredients as caffeine.”[15] This standard applies to all foods for sale including energy drinks, foods containing caffeine and bottled coffee drinks [15]. Energy drinks and bottled coffee drinks fall under the category of formulated caffeinated beverages in the food standards code [15]. A formulated caffeinated beverage is defined as “a flavoured, non-alcoholic beverage, or a flavoured, nonalcoholic beverage to which other substances (for example, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins) have been added, that: (a) contains caffeine; and (b) has the purpose of enhancing mental performance.”, by Standard 2.6.4-2 of the Food Standards Code [15]. The caffeine content of formulated caffeinated beverages is regulated by Standard 2.6.4-3 [15]. The caffeine content from any formulated caffeinated beverage must contain at least 145 mg/L and no more than 320 mg/L of caffeine, in total from any source [15]. The labelling requirements of formulated caffeinated beverages is controlled by Standard 2.6.4-5 of the Code [15]. Products must declare that they contain caffeine and express the average quantity per serve and per 100ml [15]. Schedule 28 of the Code governs the permitted amount of other substances which can be included in a formulated caffeinated beverage, these substances must also have average quantities per serve and per 100ml included in the label under Standard 2.6.4-5 [15]. The beverage must also have a declaration that states the presence of caffeine and a warning that it is not recommended for children, pregnant or lactating women, or individuals who are sensitive to caffeine [15]. Caffeine tablets are governed by the Therapeutic Goods Administration [16]. 2.2: Explain how Dave’s current caffeine intake compares with other adults in the Australian community? (no more than 1/2 page) (10 marks) Hint: Australian Health Survey: Usual Nutrient Intakes, 2011-12 http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/4364.0.55.008~2011-12~Main %20Features~Caffeine~410 There are no primary recognised health-based guidelines in Australia for the acceptable daily intake of caffeine [17]. However Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ) suggests that an individual over the age of 18 can consume a maximum of 400mg per day without severe health effects [17]. Additionally, CaffeineInformer is an online source for calculating individualised daily limits for caffeine consumption based on one’s body weight and it recommends that a 110kg adult can safely consume 661mg per day totalling to 6mg/kg/day [18]. In Australia, the average caffeine consumption of the population equals to 3mg per kg of body weight a day [17]. Both males and females between the ages of 31-50 have a similar daily mean intake above 170mg/day [19]. More specifically, the average caffeine intake of individuals in Dave’s demographic (Australian Nudi2220/UoN/2021/SB

*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total

4 men aged 31-50) totals to 179mg/day which is approximately one and a half shots of espresso [19]. According to Dave’s dietary recall he consumed a total of 2397mg in 24 hours, which is 27.7mg/kg per day, as he weighs 110kgs. In comparison to his age group, Dave is intaking approximately 9.2 times more caffeine in a day than the Australian average and 5.9 times greater than the maximum daily intake of caffeine recommended by FSANZ [17,20]. 2.3: Provide the rationale that you would use to explain to Dave about why he should review his overall caffeine consumption. (no more than 1/2 page) (10 marks) Hint 1: Is there a safe limit for caffeine: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/generalissues/Pages/Caffeine.aspx Hint 2: https://www.caffeineinformer.com/caffeine-safe-limits According to Dave’s dietary recall, he is dangerously exceeding the recommended maximum limit of 400mg of caffeine consumption per day, with a total of 2397mg in 24 hours [17,18]. As caffeine is a stimulant, it increases sympathetic nerve activity which triggers a spike in blood pressure and heart rate [21]. With Dave’s pre-existing high blood pressure, inconsistencies in taking his medication and reports of heart palpitations it is advised to limit caffeine intake to no more than 200mg per day as this can lead to additional serious health risks [18, 22]. Furthermore, issues related to the heart and heightened blood pressure levels are closely associated with manifestations including shortness of breath, by limiting his caffeine consumption Dave may be able to improve these symptoms [22]. Caffeine also has disruptive consequences on an individual’s sleeping patterns [23]. Studies suggest that this stimulant can delay the timing of one’s natural body clock, making it difficult for an individual to initially fall asleep and reduce the totality of deep sleep per night; therefore in reviewing his overall caffeine intake it may positively influence Dave’s troubled sleeping habits and general tiredness throughout the day [23]. Overall, Dave’s symptoms seem to be intertwined with one another and linked to his excessive caffeine consumption, therefore it would be beneficial to his health and wellbeing if he reviewed and decreased his overall intake of caffeine [23]. 2.4: Dave asks you whether taking the caffeine tablets is a healthier option than using the energy drinks. Explain what advice you would give him and give your rationale. (no more than 1/2 page (10 marks) Caffeine tablets are supplements that stimulate the central nervous system in order to assist people in staying awake, focused and alert [24]. According to FSANZ the recommended caffeine intake for an adult is 240mg per day, which Dave more than triples the amount of [25]. Dave’s BMI indicates that he is in the obese range, caffeine pills can highly assist him in entering a healthier range [24, 28]. The variability of caffeine in coffee can make it difficult to calculate daily total intake levels. Rather than consuming multiple high kilojoule coffees that are high in sugar, caffeine pills allow for a controlled dose [26]. Whilst eliminating the high sugar content on coffee and energy drinks, caffeine pills generally contain 100 to 200mg [27]. For example, Dave recorded that in a day he consumed more than one ‘Dare Triple Espresso’. This product per serving contains 45g of sugar, 240mg of caffeine and 1735kj whereas his ‘Natrol caffeine tablet’ containing 200mg of caffeine is a low kilojoule and sugar substitute [29,30]. Overall, caffeine tablets would be highly beneficial, healthier alternative to Dave's diet. Nudi2220/UoN/2021/SB

*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total

5

Nudi2220/UoN/2021/SB

*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total

6 PART 3 References/Sources of Information: Toast toppings ranked by calories, from lowest to highest [Internet]. Coach.nine.com.au. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://coach.nine.com.au/diet/toast-toppings-calories/7b2a9085-dcff-4f459532-e5c49116cf0c 2. Dare Iced Coffee [Internet]. Dare Iced Coffee. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: http://www.dareicedcoffee.com.au/product/#triple-espresso 3. Energy Drinks | The Original Mother Energy Drink | Mother Energy [Internet]. Motherenergydrink.com. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.motherenergydrink.com/en-au/products/original 4. Natrol High Caffeine Extra Strength, Energy Support, 200 mg, Tablets, 100ct [Internet]. Natrol. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.natrol.com/store/natrol-high-caffeine-extra-strengthenergy-support-tablets 5. Ultimate List of Caffeine Levels in Chocolate | Pregnancy Food Checker [Internet]. Pregnancy Food Checker. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.pregnancyfoodchecker.com/ultimate-listof-caffeine-levels-in-chocolate/ 6. Dare Iced Coffee [Internet]. Dare Iced Coffee. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: http://www.dareicedcoffee.com.au/product/#coldpressed-latte 7. Dare Iced Coffee [Internet]. Dare Iced Coffee. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: http://www.dareicedcoffee.com.au/product/#double-espresso 8. Dare Iced Coffee [Internet]. Dare Iced Coffee. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: http://www.dareicedcoffee.com.au/product/#triple-espresso 9. Natrol High Caffeine Extra Strength, Energy Support, 200 mg, Tablets, 100ct [Internet]. Natrol. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.natrol.com/store/natrol-high-caffeine-extra-strengthenergy-support-tablets 10. Coles [Internet]. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://shop.coles.com.au/a/chadstone/product/red-eye-energy-drink-platinum-with-attitude 11. Dare Iced Coffee [Internet]. Dare Iced Coffee. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: http://www.dareicedcoffee.com.au/product/#peanutbutter-latte 12. Energy Drinks | The Original Mother Energy Drink | Mother Energy [Internet]. Motherenergydrink.com. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.motherenergydrink.com/en-au/products/original 13. CAFFEINE - a patient's guide - Family Doctor [Internet]. Familydoctor.co.nz. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: http://www.familydoctor.co.nz/categories/medication/caffeine-a-patients-guide/ 14. Natrol High Caffeine Extra Strength, Energy Support, 200 mg, Tablets, 100ct [Internet]. Natrol. 2021 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.natrol.com/store/natrol-high-caffeine-extra-strengthenergy-support-tablets 15. Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 (Cth) https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/Pages/default.aspx 16. Therapeutic Goods Amendment (Permissible Ingredients) Determination(NO.1) 2019 (Cth) https://www.tga.gov.au/high-moderate-risk-changes-permissible-ingredients-caffeine 17. Caffeine [Internet]. Foodstandards.gov.au. 2021 [cited 21 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/generalissues/Pages/Caffeine.aspx 18. Kallmyer T. Caffeine Safe Limits: Calculate Your Safe Daily Dose [Internet]. Caffeineinformer.com. 2021 [cited 21 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.caffeineinformer.com/caffeine-safe-limits 19. Australian Health Survey: Usual Nutrient Intakes, 2011-12 financial year [Internet]. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2015 [cited 23 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/healthconditions-and-risks/australian-health-survey-usual-nutrient-intakes/latest-release#caffeine 20. Gunn T, Kight R, Titus C, Tran T, Reeves S. Need a reason to break the addiction?: Increasing caffeine concentrations increases heart rate and increasing nicotine concentrations decreases heart rate of Daphnia magna. Journal of Undergraduate Biology Laboratory Investigations [Internet]. 2019 [cited 24 1.

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*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total

7 May 2021]:1-6. Available from: https://undergradsciencejournals.okstate.edu/index.php/JUBLI/article/view/9677/2011 21. Seven things to eat or avoid to lower your blood pressure | HMRI [Internet]. Hmri.org.au. 2017 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://hmri.org.au/news-article/seven-things-eat-or-avoid-lower-your-bloodpressure 22. Lindberg S. Can Caffeine Make You Feel Short of Breath? | Livestrong.com [Internet]. LIVESTRONG.COM. 2019 [cited 24 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.livestrong.com/article/508087-why-does-caffeine-make-me-short-of-breath/ 23. Sleep and Caffeine [Internet]. Sleep Education. 2018 [cited 26 May 2021]. Available from: https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-caffeine/#:~:text=Negative%20Effects%20of%20Caffeine,reduce %20your%20total%20sleep%20time. 24. Leonard J. Caffeine pills: Uses, side effects, risks, and dosage [Internet]. MedicalNewsToday. 2019 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326822#summary 25. Caffeine [Internet]. Food Standards Australia New Zealand. 2021 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/generalissues/Pages/Caffeine.aspx 26. Freeman H. Caffeine Pills vs. Energy Drinks: Which Is Better For Me? [Internet]. Harold P. Freeman Patient Navigation institute. 2020 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://hpfreemanpni.org/caffeine-pills-vs-energy-drinks/ 27. Energy drinks and caffeine [Internet]. NSW Health. 2017 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/aod/resources/Pages/energy-drinks.aspx 28. Speck C. How to Use Caffeine for Effective Weight Loss [Internet]. Fitplan Blog. 2019 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://blog.fitplanapp.com/use-caffeine-effective-weight-loss/ 29. Dare Triple Espresso Robusta & Arabica Iced Coffee [Internet]. Coles. 2021 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://shop.coles.com.au/a/national/product/dare-triple-espresso-flavoured-milk3392370p 30. Natrol, High Caffeine, Extra Strength, 200 mg, 100 Tablets [Internet]. iHerb. 2021 [cited 31 May 2021]. Available from: https://au.iherb.com/pr/natrol-high-caffeine-extra-strength-200-mg-100-tablets/77406

Nudi2220/UoN/2021/SB

*one serving of vegemite on toast is approximately 5g, one serving of toast is approximately 38g and one serving of butter is approximately 4g. ** meat pies are approximately 125g in total...